1.3.2 Theoretical, Practical, and Ethical Considerations

• Interpretivism focuses on subjective understanding using qualitative methods.


  True
• Davis and Moore's theory states that education trains individuals for functional roles in society.
• What do Marxist theories of education view education as a tool for?

  Maintaining capitalism
• What does labeling theory in education suggest about teacher expectations?

  Self-fulfilling prophecies
• In symbolic interactionism, the classroom is viewed as a dynamic space where teachers and students negotiate
• Match the concept with its key idea:

  Negotiated order ↔️ Constructing classroom meaning

  Labeling theory ↔️ Self-fulfilling prophecies

  Hidden curriculum ↔️ Unintended lessons
• Labeling a student as "intelligent" always leads to positive outcomes.

  False
• What does symbolic interactionism emphasize in educational settings?

  Meaning and interactions
• What type of data analysis is used in interpretivist research?

  Thematic analysis
• What is the key idea of Davis and Moore's functionalist theory of education?

  Training for functional roles
• Marxists argue that the curriculum reflects the values and knowledge of the dominant class
• What does symbolic interactionism emphasize in the classroom environment?

  Dynamic interactions
• Labeling theory suggests that teachers' perceptions of students can become self-fulfilling prophecies.


  True
• Time constraints can influence the duration and timeframe of data collection in educational research.


  True
• Random assignment in experimental design involves assigning participants to groups using a random
• What do correlational studies in educational research examine?

  Relationships between variables
• Match the limitation of correlational studies with its explanation:

  Cannot determine causation ↔️ Other factors may influence the relationship

  Confounding variables ↔️ Unaccounted variables may affect results

  Directionality ↔️ Unclear which variable is the cause
• Interpretivism focuses on subjective understanding and uses qualitative methods.


  True
• What is the Marxist view of education?

  Maintains capitalist system
• Davis and Moore's theory emphasizes that education trains individuals for functional roles based on talent and abilities.

  True
• Marxist theories portray education as an ideological apparatus that socializes students into accepting the existing social order
• In symbolic interactionism, teachers and students co-create meaning through negotiated order
• Gaining consent from parents for child interviews is an example of a practical consideration in educational research.


  True
• Order the key elements of experimental design:

  1️⃣ Random assignment

  2️⃣ Control group

  3️⃣ Independent variable

  4️⃣ Dependent variable
• Informed consent is a key ethical principle in educational research.

  True
• Researchers must obtain voluntary, informed consent from participants before they can participate in the study
• Match the research type with its ethical requirements:

  Surveys ↔️ Simpler consent procedures

  Experiments with deception ↔️ Robust ethical safeguards
• What indicates a participant's understanding and agreement to participate in a study?

  Written consent
• Why is upholding data privacy important in educational research?

  Builds trust with participants
• Positivism emphasizes objectivity and quantitative methods.


  True
• Functionalist theories view education as serving important functions for society.


  True
• Marxist theories argue that education maintains the capitalist system and reproduces social inequality.


  True
• What does Davis and Moore's theory emphasize about education?

  Functional roles based on talent
• What does the Marxist concept of reproduction of class refer to in education?

  Perpetuation of class divisions
• The negotiated order in symbolic interactionism refers to the idea that classrooms are static environments

  False
• Negotiated order refers to the dynamic process by which teachers and students construct the meaning of the classroom environment


  True
• What are practical considerations in educational research concerned with?

  Real-world limitations
• Random assignment in experimental design ensures participants are assigned to groups based on their preferences

  False
• What does random assignment ensure in experimental studies?

  Groups are statistically equivalent
• Correlational studies in education cannot determine causation