1.1. The Water Cycle

• The water cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface
• The water cycle maintains Earth's water balance.


  True
• Match the process with its description:

  Evaporation ↔️ Liquid water to water vapor

  Transpiration ↔️ Release of water vapor from plants

  Precipitation ↔️ Water vapor returns to Earth

  Groundwater flow ↔️ Water through soil and rock
• Surface runoff is the flow of water over the Earth's surface
• The water cycle is sustained by solar energy.


  True
• Match the freshwater location with its percentage:

  Glaciers and ice caps ↔️ 68.7%

  Groundwater ↔️ 30.1%

  Surface water ↔️ 1.2%
• What is the second largest reservoir of freshwater?

  Groundwater
• Arrange the key processes of the water cycle in a logical sequence

  1️⃣ Evaporation

  2️⃣ Transpiration

  3️⃣ Precipitation

  4️⃣ Surface runoff

  5️⃣ Groundwater flow
• What are the forms of precipitation?

  Rain, snow, sleet, hail
• The water cycle maintains the Earth's water balance and is fundamental to climate and ecosystems.


  True
• Evaporation and transpiration move water into the atmosphere, where it condenses and falls as precipitation.

  True
• What are some consequences of human-induced changes to the water cycle?

  Water scarcity, flooding
• Order the key processes in the water cycle:

  1️⃣ Evaporation

  2️⃣ Transpiration

  3️⃣ Precipitation

  4️⃣ Surface runoff

  5️⃣ Groundwater flow
• The movement of water through soil and rock beneath the Earth's surface is called groundwater
• What type of energy powers evaporation and transpiration?

  Solar energy
• Match the process with its description:

  Evaporation ↔️ Liquid water to water vapor

  Transpiration ↔️ Release of water vapor from plants

  Precipitation ↔️ Water vapor returns to Earth

  Groundwater flow ↔️ Water through soil and rock
• The largest source of freshwater on Earth is glaciers
• What percentage of freshwater is stored in glaciers and ice caps?

  68.7%
• What percentage of Earth's total water is freshwater?

  2.5%
• Transpiration is the release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere.

  True
• Match the water cycle process with its description:

  Evaporation ↔️ Conversion of liquid water to vapor

  Transpiration ↔️ Release of vapor from plants

  Precipitation ↔️ Return of vapor as rain or snow

  Groundwater flow ↔️ Movement of water through soil
• The release of water vapor from plants during transpiration is driven by solar energy
• Match the human activity with its impact on the water cycle:

  Deforestation ↔️ Reduces transpiration

  Urbanization ↔️ Increases surface runoff

  Irrigation ↔️ Alters precipitation patterns

  Pollution ↔️ Contaminates water resources
• Match the process with its description:

  Evaporation ↔️ Liquid water to water vapor

  Transpiration ↔️ Release of water vapor from plants

  Precipitation ↔️ Water vapor returns to Earth
• What is the primary energy source driving the water cycle?

  Solar radiation
• The water cycle is fundamental to Earth's ecosystems.


  True
• Arrange the processes in the water cycle in a logical order:

  1️⃣ Evaporation

  2️⃣ Transpiration

  3️⃣ Precipitation

  4️⃣ Surface runoff

  5️⃣ Groundwater flow
• What percentage of Earth's total water is freshwater?

  2.5%
• Groundwater is the largest accessible source of freshwater.

  False
• The majority of Earth's water is saltwater
• What is the process where liquid water converts to water vapor due to heat energy?

  Evaporation
• The flow of water over the Earth's surface into rivers, lakes, and oceans is called surface runoff
• What is the main energy source driving the water cycle?

  Solar radiation
• What are some key human activities that affect the water cycle?

  Deforestation, urbanization, irrigation