2.3. Coastal Landforms

• What are coastal landforms created by?

  Interaction of sea and land
• What are the two main processes that move sediments along the coast?

  Longshore drift and currents
• Hydraulic action is the force of water crashing against the coast, which can dislodge and remove material
• Match the erosion process with its resulting coastal landform:

  Hydraulic Action ↔️ Cliffs, Arches, Stacks

  Abrasion ↔️ Wave-cut platforms

  Attrition ↔️ Beaches, Sand dunes

  Solution ↔️ Limestone pavements, Caves
• Coastal landforms are shaped by erosion, deposition, transportation, and weathering
• What two landforms are created by offshore currents depositing sediment?

  Offshore bars and barrier islands
• Erosion removes material through hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, and solution
• Weathering chemically or physically breaks down coastal rocks
• What wears down rock surfaces through the movement of sediment carried by waves?

  Abrasion
• Coastal landforms are shaped by the interaction of the sea with the land.


  True
• What type of rock is most affected by solution?

  Chalk and limestone
• Longshore drift transports sediment along the coast, contributing to the formation of beaches and spits
• Cliffs and arches are formed by hydraulic action and abrasion.


  True
• Match the coastal landform with its formation process:

  Headlands and Bays ↔️ Differential erosion

  Cliffs and Arches ↔️ Hydraulic action and abrasion

  Stacks and Stumps ↔️ Continued erosion of headlands
• Weathering chemically or physically breaks down coastal rocks.


  True
• Beaches are formed by the process of deposition
• Arches are coastal landforms formed by the process of erosion
• Abrasion involves the wearing down of rock surfaces by the movement of sand and pebbles.

  True
• Deposition builds up land, while erosion wears it down.


  True
• What type of erosion forms headlands and bays?

  Differential erosion
• Which two processes are responsible for forming cliffs and arches?

  Hydraulic action and abrasion
• Steps in the formation of stacks and stumps

  1️⃣ Hydraulic action and abrasion erode the headland base

  2️⃣ A detached pillar called a stack is formed

  3️⃣ Continued erosion by waves collapses the stack

  4️⃣ A shorter, rounded stump remains
• What type of rock is commonly found in bays?

  Clay
• Which coastal landforms are primarily shaped by hydraulic action and abrasion?

  Cliffs and arches
• What are the two main processes forming cliffs?

  Hydraulic action and abrasion
• What are coastal landforms primarily shaped by?

  Sea interactions with land
• Abrasion involves the wearing down of rock by sand and other material carried by waves
• Where is an example of headlands and bays formed by differential erosion?

  Dorset Coast in England
• Erosion and deposition together shape coastal landscapes
• What is the process that forms headlands and bays?

  Differential erosion
• Hydraulic action involves the force of water crashing against the coast to dislodge material

  True
• Spits are formed by the deposition of sediment through longshore drift
• Coastal management techniques aim to protect coastlines from erosion and flooding
• Managed retreat involves deliberately withdrawing development from eroding areas
• Deposition occurs when wave energy increases.

  False
• Stacks are formed by deposition processes.

  False
• Order the erosion processes from strongest to weakest in terms of their impact on coastal landforms:

  1️⃣ Hydraulic Action

  2️⃣ Abrasion

  3️⃣ Attrition

  4️⃣ Solution
• Which two processes contribute to the formation of spits?

  Deposition and Transportation
• Deposition processes build up landforms rather than wear them down.


  True
• Headlands and bays are formed by uniform erosion.

  False