2.2 How bonding and structure are related to the properties of substances

• Bonding in chemistry refers to the attractive forces that hold atoms together in molecules, ions, and compounds
• Ionic compounds have high melting points due to strong electrostatic forces.


  True
• Arrange the formation of ionic bonds in sequence:

  1️⃣ Atoms transfer electrons

  2️⃣ Positive and negative ions are formed

  3️⃣ Electrostatic attraction holds ions together
• Covalent bonds result in molecules with strong intramolecular bonds.
• Ionic bonds are found in compounds like sodium chloride.
• Delocalised electrons in metallic bonds are free to move among positively charged metal ions.


  True
• Covalent bonds result in molecules with strong intramolecular bonds.
• Bonding affects the structure of matter, resulting in either a lattice structure or a molecular structure.
• Metallic compounds are characterised by their conductivity and malleability.
• Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
• Ionic bonds create positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction.


  True
• Covalent bonds are found in molecules like water (H2O).


  True
• Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.
• Arrange the formation of ionic bonds in sequence:

  1️⃣ Atoms transfer electrons

  2️⃣ Positive and negative ions are formed

  3️⃣ Electrostatic attraction holds ions together
• Metallic bonds involve delocalised electrons forming a "sea" around positive metal ions.
• What happens to electrons in ionic bonds?

  Electrons are transferred
• Metallic bonds involve a "sea" of delocalized electrons.


  True
• The type of structure and bonding affects a substance's physical properties.


  True
• Bonding in chemistry refers to the forces that hold atoms together.


  True
• Order the steps in the formation of metallic bonds:

  1️⃣ Delocalization of electrons

  2️⃣ Formation of positive metal ions

  3️⃣ Creation of a "sea" of electrons
• What is the key characteristic of ionic bonds?

  Creates positive and negative ions
• Substances with ionic bonds typically have a crystalline lattice structure.

  True
• What determines the structure of a substance?

  Chemical bonding
• Molecular structures result in lower melting and boiling points.


  True
• Ionic compounds are hard and brittle due to the tight packing of ions
• Metallic compounds have a delocalized "sea" of electrons
• What type of molecules are formed by covalent bonds?

  Strong intramolecular bonds
• In metallic bonding, delocalized electrons form a "sea" around positive ions
• Order the three types of structures based on their atomic arrangement from most to least ordered:

  1️⃣ Crystalline

  2️⃣ Giant Molecular

  3️⃣ Amorphous
• Substances with covalent bonds typically have a molecular structure
• Ionic compounds have low melting points due to weak electrostatic forces.

  False
• Match the property of metallic compounds with its explanation:

  Electrical Conductivity ↔️ Delocalized electrons carry charge freely

  Ductility ↔️ Can be drawn into wires without breaking

  Malleability ↔️ Can be hammered into sheets
• Water (H2O) has covalent bonding and a molecular structure
• Match the type of bonding with its primary characteristic:

  Ionic ↔️ Creates ions held by electrostatic attraction

  Covalent ↔️ Forms strong intramolecular bonds

  Metallic ↔️ Forms a "sea" of delocalised electrons
• Covalent compounds are good conductors of electricity.

  False
• Covalent bonds are created when atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.
• Metallic bonds create a "sea" of electrons around positive ions in metals.


  True
• Covalent bonds allow atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration by sharing electrons.
• Metallic bonds give metals their characteristic conductivity and malleability.
• Metallic bonds create a "sea" of electrons around positive ions in metals.

  True