3.1. Nature of Hazards

• What is a natural hazard defined as?

  An event from natural processes
• Natural hazards are predictable and have no consequences in populated areas.

  False
• Natural hazards arise from processes like plate tectonics and weather patterns.


  True
• Order the categories of natural hazards based on their examples:

  1️⃣ Geological (Earthquakes)

  2️⃣ Atmospheric (Hurricanes)

  3️⃣ Hydrological (Floods)

  4️⃣ Biological (Wildfires)
• Match the category of natural hazard with its examples:

  Geological ↔️ Earthquakes, landslides

  Atmospheric ↔️ Hurricanes, droughts

  Hydrological ↔️ Floods, tsunamis

  Biological ↔️ Epidemics, wildfires
• An example of a geological hazard is a landslide
• Floods are examples of hydrological hazards.
• Natural hazards originate from natural phenomena like plate tectonics, weather patterns, and biological interactions
• Order the categories of natural hazards based on their origin:

  1️⃣ Geological

  2️⃣ Atmospheric

  3️⃣ Hydrological

  4️⃣ Biological
• What is the primary characteristic of geological hazards?

  Tectonic plate movements
• Match the factor contributing to hazard formation with its description:

  Geological processes ↔️ Tectonic plate movements

  Atmospheric conditions ↔️ Extreme weather patterns

  Hydrological factors ↔️ Excessive rainfall

  Biological interactions ↔️ Disease outbreaks
• Extreme weather patterns can lead to atmospheric hazards like tornadoes.
• The spatial distribution of natural hazards is not random but influenced by various factors
• Match the factor with its explanation:

  Geological processes ↔️ Hazards along tectonic plate boundaries

  Climatic conditions ↔️ Atmospheric and hydrological hazards

  Biological factors ↔️ Epidemics and wildfires

  Human settlement patterns ↔️ Increased exposure in vulnerable areas
• Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are examples of geological hazards.

  True
• What is an example of a biological hazard?

  COVID-19 pandemic
• Order the factors influencing the formation of geological hazards:

  1️⃣ Tectonic plate movements

  2️⃣ Volcanic activity

  3️⃣ Erosion
• Earthquakes are concentrated along tectonic plate boundaries due to geological processes.

  True
• The location and density of human populations can increase exposure to natural hazards, especially in vulnerable areas.


  True
• Long-term trends in natural hazards are often linked to broader environmental changes
• What are three human activities that can lead to climate change and increase the frequency of natural hazards?

  Deforestation, urbanization, greenhouse gas emissions
• What is a natural hazard?

  An event from natural processes
• What type of geological process contributes to earthquake formation?

  Tectonic plate movements
• Earthquakes are evenly distributed across the Earth's surface.

  False
• Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are concentrated along tectonic plate boundaries.


  True
• What is an example of an atmospheric hazard?

  Hurricane Katrina
• Tectonic plate movements can lead to geological hazards like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
• Hurricanes are more common in regions with specific weather patterns
• Arrange the factors influencing the temporal distribution of natural hazards.

  1️⃣ Seasonality

  2️⃣ Long-term trends

  3️⃣ Unpredictability
• Unsustainable agricultural practices and mining can destabilize landscapes, leading to more landslides and floods
• Technological hazards, such as chemical spills, are caused by the use of hazardous materials and industrial processes.

  True
• Match the characteristic with the type of event it describes.

  Causation by natural processes ↔️ Natural Hazard

  Significant disruption to a community ↔️ Disaster
• Where are earthquakes primarily concentrated?

  Tectonic plate boundaries
• Which regions are more prone to hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods?

  Regions with specific weather patterns
• A natural hazard poses a threat to human life, property, and the environment
• Floods and tsunamis are categorized as hydrological
• Match the hazard category with an example:

  Geological ↔️ Mount Vesuvius eruption

  Atmospheric ↔️ Great Plains drought

  Hydrological ↔️ Indian Ocean tsunami

  Biological ↔️ COVID-19 pandemic
• What are extreme weather patterns associated with atmospheric hazards?

  High winds, heavy precipitation
• Biological hazards such as epidemics and wildfires are influenced by factors like ecosystem dynamics and human-environment interactions
• During which seasons do hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean peak?

  Summer and fall