3.3. Storm Hazards

• Tropical cyclones form over warm ocean waters and are typically more intense than extratropical cyclones.


  True
• Arrange the meteorological factors in the formation of a tropical cyclone:

  1️⃣ Warm ocean temperatures (at least 26°C)

  2️⃣ Coriolis effect to initiate rotation

  3️⃣ Low wind shear to allow vertical development

  4️⃣ Sufficient atmospheric moisture
• What is the minimum ocean temperature required for the formation of a tropical cyclone?

  26°C
• Tropical and extratropical cyclones are both large-scale low-pressure systems
• The Coriolis effect initiates rotation in tropical cyclones.
• The presence of a jet stream provides upper-level support for extratropical cyclones.
• Moisture in the lower atmosphere is essential for thunderstorms to form.
• The severity of storm hazard impacts depends on the storm's intensity, size, and the region's vulnerability.
• What is the primary goal of early warning systems in storm preparedness?

  Provide timely alerts
• What are emergency management efforts focused on during storm response and recovery?

  Search and rescue
• Storm hazards refer to destructive weather phenomena associated with intense low-pressure systems
• Match the storm type with its characteristics:

  Tropical Cyclones ↔️ Destructive winds, heavy rainfall, storm surge

  Extratropical Cyclones ↔️ Collision of warm and cold air masses

  Thunderstorms ↔️ Localized damage, hail, and tornadoes
• The Coriolis effect causes counterclockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere during the formation of extratropical cyclones.


  True
• Which type of storms cause more localized damage compared to cyclonic storms?

  Thunderstorms
• What is the minimum ocean temperature required for the formation of tropical cyclones?

  26°C
• What is the primary cause of extratropical cyclones?

  Collision of air masses
• What is the primary source of instability in thunderstorm formation?

  Daytime heating
• The combination of meteorological factors determines the intensity of storm hazards.


  True
• Thunderstorms can cause substantial damage even on a smaller scale.

  True
• Land-use planning restricts development in high-risk areas to mitigate storm impacts.


  True
• Thunderstorms are characterized by strong winds, heavy rain, hail, and sometimes tornadoes
• Extratropical cyclones are formed by the collision of warm and cold air masses
• Tropical cyclones form over warm ocean waters
• Thunderstorms can cause substantial localized damage despite their smaller scale.

  True
• Low wind shear allows tropical cyclones to develop vertically.


  True
• The Coriolis effect induces counterclockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere.


  True
• Which effect organizes thunderstorms and induces rotation?

  Coriolis effect
• What can heavy rainfall lead to in coastal areas during storms?

  Storm surge
• Coastal defenses such as seawalls protect against storm surge.
• Steps in managing and mitigating storm hazards

  1️⃣ Preparedness

  2️⃣ Mitigation

  3️⃣ Response and Recovery