4.2.2 Neutralization of acids and salt production

• Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base
• In neutralization, hydrogen ions from the acid react with hydroxide ions from the base
• Match the base with its chemical formula:

  Sodium hydroxide ↔️ NaOH

  Calcium hydroxide ↔️ Ca(OH)₂

  Ammonium hydroxide ↔️ NH₄OH
• In neutralization, acids donate hydrogen ions (H⁺) to form water
• Acids in neutralization reactions donate H⁺
• What is the role of hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in neutralization reactions?

  React with H⁺ to form water
• Hydrogen ions (H⁺) from acids react with hydroxide ions (OH⁻) from bases to form water.

  True
• Salts can be neutral, acidic, or basic
• Give an example of a strong acid.

  Hydrochloric acid
• Give an example of a weak base.

  Ammonia
• In neutralization reactions, acids donate H⁺
• What is the role of bases in neutralization reactions?

  Accept hydrogen ions
• Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid
• Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.

  NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)
• Steps in the neutralization of hydrochloric acid by sodium hydroxide

  1️⃣ Hydrochloric acid donates H⁺ ions

  2️⃣ Hydroxide ions from sodium hydroxide accept H⁺ ions

  3️⃣ Sodium chloride and water are formed
• The hydrogen ions from the acid react with the hydroxide ions from the base to create water
• Match the acid type with an example:

  Strong acid ↔️ Hydrochloric acid

  Weak acid ↔️ Acetic acid
• What is the pH of a weak base compared to a strong base?

  Lower
• What is the general balanced equation for a neutralization reaction?

  Acid + Base → Salt + Water
• In the balanced equation HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l), 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH


  True
• Provide an example of a metal salt.

  Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• Match the salt type with its resulting pH:

  Acidic salt ↔️ pH < 7

  Basic salt ↔️ pH > 7

  Neutral salt ↔️ pH = 7
• In a neutralization reaction, a salt and water are always formed as products.


  True
• What is a common base used in neutralization reactions?

  Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• Water is formed in neutralization when H⁺ ions from the acid react with OH⁻ ions from the base
• Why do strong acids have a low pH compared to weak acids?

  Form many H⁺ ions
• Metal salts exhibit ionic properties due to the presence of metal ions
• Antacids neutralize stomach acid to relieve heartburn
• What do acids donate in neutralization reactions?

  Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
• What is the role of bases in neutralization reactions?

  Provide OH⁻ ions
• Neutralization reactions result in the formation of a salt and water.


  True
• What is the role of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in neutralization reactions?

  React with OH⁻ to form water
• Bases accept H⁺
• What are the products of a neutralization reaction?

  Salt and water
• Steps in the neutralization of HCl with NaOH:

  1️⃣ HCl donates H⁺ ions

  2️⃣ NaOH provides OH⁻ ions

  3️⃣ H⁺ and OH⁻ react to form water

  4️⃣ NaCl is formed as a salt
• Strong acids completely dissociate in water, forming many ions.


  True
• Strong bases completely dissociate in water to form hydroxide ions (OH⁻).


  True
• Steps in the neutralization of HCl with NaOH:

  1️⃣ HCl donates H⁺ ions

  2️⃣ NaOH provides OH⁻ ions

  3️⃣ H⁺ and OH⁻ react to form water

  4️⃣ NaCl is formed as a salt
• What ion is produced when a base dissociates in water?

  Hydroxide ion
• What do bases accept during neutralization reactions?

  Hydrogen ions (H⁺)