4.3.1 The process of electrolysis

• What is the process of electrolysis used for?

  Non-spontaneous chemical reactions
• What are the two types of electrodes in electrolysis called?

  Cathode and anode
• An electrolyte must contain mobile ions that can carry an electric current
• The cathode is the positive electrode in electrolysis.

  False
• At which electrode does reduction occur in electrolysis?

  Cathode
• In the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, chloride ions are reduced at the anode

  False
• What type of charge do cations carry?

  Positive
• Electrolysis is the process of using an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction
• What are the two forms in which electrolytes can exist?

  Molten salts and solutions
• What is the charge of the cathode during electrolysis?

  Negative
• At the cathode, reduction reactions involve the gain of electrons
• At the cathode, sodium ions in molten sodium chloride gain electrons to form solid sodium
• Electrons flow from the negative terminal of the power supply to the cathode during electrolysis

  True
• The reduction half-equation for hydrogen production at the cathode is 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → H₂


  True
• Match the type of electrolyte with an example:

  Molten Salt ↔️ Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

  Aqueous Solution ↔️ Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
• What type of substance is an electrolyte?

  Contains mobile ions
• In molten sodium chloride, the key ions are Na⁺ and Cl⁻
• In the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, what ions move to the cathode?

  Sodium ions
• The cathode attracts cations during electrolysis


  True
• The movement of ions during electrolysis drives spontaneous chemical reactions

  False
• The power supply in electrolysis provides the necessary electrical current to drive redox reactions


  True
• In the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, chloride ions are oxidized at the cathode

  False
• What is the chemical equation for the reduction of sodium ions in the electrolysis of molten NaCl?

  $Na^ +$$+$$e^ - \rightarrow Na$
• Oxidation reactions at the anode involve the loss of electrons by anions


  True
• At the anode, oxidation reactions involve negative ions losing electrons
• The electrolysis of aqueous solutions can produce gases like hydrogen and oxygen
• Match the electrolysis application with its purpose:

  Electrolysis of Molten Salts ↔️ Metal extraction

  Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions ↔️ Gas production

  Electroplating ↔️ Surface coating
• The electrolyte in electrolysis contains mobile ions
• What is the primary role of an electrolyte in electrolysis?

  Provide mobile ions
• Electrolysis uses an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction
• Steps in the process of electrolysis:

  1️⃣ Mobile ions migrate to the electrodes

  2️⃣ Oxidation occurs at the anode

  3️⃣ Reduction occurs at the cathode

  4️⃣ Electron flow maintains the process
• The cathode attracts positive ions, known as cations
• Match the electrode with its charge and reaction:

  Cathode ↔️ Negative, Reduction

  Anode ↔️ Positive, Oxidation
• Arrange the steps involved in ion movement during electrolysis:

  1️⃣ Cations move to the cathode

  2️⃣ Anions move to the anode

  3️⃣ Oxidation occurs at the anode

  4️⃣ Reduction occurs at the cathode
• Match the component with its description:

  Electrolyte ↔️ Substance with mobile ions

  Electrodes ↔️ Conductive plates or rods

  Power Supply ↔️ Electrical source
• Where does oxidation occur during electrolysis?

  Anode
• Anions lose electrons at the anode during oxidation


  True
• In the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride, sodium ions (Na⁺) are reduced to form sodium metal
• At the cathode, reduction reactions involve positive ions gaining electrons
• The electrolysis of molten salts is used to extract pure metals