2.2 Methods of Separating and Purifying Substances

• What does chromatography separate substances based on?

  Movement through a medium
• Steps in the filtration process

  1️⃣ Preparation of apparatus

  2️⃣ Pouring the mixture

  3️⃣ Collection of filtrate
• What happens to liquid molecules during evaporation?

  They turn into gas
• Match the industry with the use of crystallization:

  Chemical Industry ↔️ Purifying solid substances

  Pharmaceutical Industry ↔️ Producing medicines

  Food Industry ↔️ Refining sugar
• Chromatography separates substances based on their rates of movement through a medium.


  True
• What is distillation used to separate?

  Liquids based on boiling points
• Recrystallization removes impurities from a solid by dissolving it and then allowing it to recrystallize
• Distillation separates liquids based on their different boiling points
• Decolorization uses activated charcoal to remove colored impurities from a solution.


  True
• What type of method is filtration used to separate insoluble solid particles?

  Separation method
• Filtration is used in water treatment to remove sediment and impurities.


  True
• Steps in the crystallization process

  1️⃣ Dissolving the impure solid

  2️⃣ Filtering the solution

  3️⃣ Evaporating the solvent

  4️⃣ Filtering the pure crystals
• Distillation separates liquids based on their different boiling points
• Filtration separates insoluble solids from liquids
• What are purification methods used for?

  To increase substance purity
• Decolorization uses activated charcoal to remove colored impurities from a solution.


  True
• In filtration, the clear liquid that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate
• The evaporation process occurs when heat energizes the particle movement of a liquid
• Steps in the crystallization process

  1️⃣ Dissolve impure solid in solvent

  2️⃣ Filter solution to remove impurities

  3️⃣ Evaporate solvent to recrystallize

  4️⃣ Separate pure crystals
• Distillation is used in petroleum refining to separate crude oil into components like gasoline.


  True
• Chromatography uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase to separate substances.


  True
• Common magnetic materials include iron, nickel, and cobalt
• Magnetism is a fundamental concept in physics with many important technological applications
• Match the application of magnetism with its description:

  Electric Motors ↔️ Generate rotating magnetic fields

  Data Storage ↔️ Store digital information

  MRI ↔️ Generate images of body structures
• Filtration separates insoluble solids from liquids.


  True
• Recrystallization removes impurities from a solid by dissolving it and allowing it to recrystallize
• Filtration separates soluble solid particles from liquids.

  False
• Order the steps involved in the filtration process:

  1️⃣ Assemble filtration apparatus

  2️⃣ Pour the mixture into the funnel

  3️⃣ Clear liquid collects in the beaker

  4️⃣ Solid particles remain on the filter paper
• Evaporation is used in salt production to obtain salt from seawater
• Distillation is a separation method used to separate liquids based on their different boiling points.
• Chromatography uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase to separate substances.


  True
• What is one type of chromatography mentioned in the study material?

  Paper chromatography
• Steps in the chromatography process

  1️⃣ The sample is dissolved in the mobile phase.

  2️⃣ The mobile phase carries the substances through the stationary phase.

  3️⃣ Substances separate based on their relative adsorption.
• What fundamental force arises from the motion of electric charges?

  Magnetism
• Magnetism is characterized by the presence of magnetic fields that exert forces on magnetic materials.


  True
• Match the application of centrifugation with its example:

  Medical/Biological ↔️ Separating blood components

  Industrial ↔️ Purifying chemicals

  Environmental ↔️ Removing suspended solids from wastewater
• What does filtration separate in a mixture?

  Insoluble solids from liquids
• Recrystallization removes impurities by dissolving a solid and allowing it to recrystallize
• Match the context with the application of filtration:

  Water Treatment ↔️ Removal of sediment

  Food Industry ↔️ Clarifying fruit juices

  Chemical Industry ↔️ Removing byproducts
• In filtration, the clear liquid collected is called the filtrate