1.4 Statistical Skills

• Statistical skills help geographers understand the relationships between people, places, and the environment.


  True
• Match the data type with an example:

  Qualitative Data ↔️ Interviews

  Quantitative Data ↔️ Climate measurements
• The mode is the value that appears most frequently
• When is the median preferred over the mean?

  When data has outliers
• Steps to calculate the mean

  1️⃣ Sum all values in the dataset

  2️⃣ Divide the sum by the number of values
• What do statistical skills in geography enable geographers to understand?

  Geographical patterns and relationships
• Statistical skills help geographers understand the complex relationships between people, places, and the environment.


  True
• Geographers use statistical skills to understand complex relationships between people, places, and the environment.


  True
• What are measures of central tendency used for?

  Describing the central value
• Geographers often use a combination of mean, median, and mode to understand the central tendency of data.

  True
• The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.


  True
• The mean of the dataset 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30 is 18.5.


  True
• Match the type of data with its definition and examples:

  Qualitative Data ↔️ Non-numerical data; interviews, observations

  Quantitative Data ↔️ Numerical data; census, climate measurements
• The mean, median, and mode are the primary statistical measures of central tendency.


  True
• The median is robust to outliers
• The mean can be skewed by outliers
• What is the mean of the dataset: 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30?

  18.5
• What does the range measure in a dataset?

  Overall spread
• What is the range of the dataset: 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30?

  20
• Match the statistical technique with its description:

  Descriptive Statistics ↔️ Summarizing data using measures of central tendency and dispersion

  Inferential Statistics ↔️ Drawing conclusions about a population from a sample

  Spatial Analysis ↔️ Analyzing geographical patterns and relationships

  Time Series Analysis ↔️ Examining data trends over time
• What is the definition of quantitative data in geographical analysis?

  Numerical data
• Measures of central tendency provide different insights about the typical value in a dataset.

  True
• The median is robust to outliers
• What is the mean of the dataset: 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30?

  18.5
• Measures of dispersion describe the spread or variability
• The interquartile range is robust to outliers
• What is the standard deviation of the dataset: 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30?

  6.78
• What type of data is displayed in a histogram?

  Numerical
• What does a pie chart illustrate in terms of data?

  Numerical proportions
• Pie charts are more effective than bar charts for comparing values across categories.

  False
• Pie charts are suitable for detailed comparisons between individual values.

  False
• If a city has an urban population of 800,000 and a total population of 1,000,000, the urban population percentage is 80%.

  True
• Statistical skills in geography involve the ability to analyze and interpret quantitative data.
• What is the purpose of descriptive statistics in geography?

  Summarizing and describing data
• Qualitative data is non-numerical and describes qualities, characteristics, or properties.
• Match the measure of central tendency with its definition:

  Mean ↔️ The arithmetic average of all values

  Median ↔️ The middle value when data is ordered

  Mode ↔️ The value that appears most frequently
• What is the definition of the mean in statistical terms?

  The arithmetic average
• What does the mode identify in a dataset?

  Most common value
• In the dataset 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, there is no mode
• Population data is an example of statistical data used in geography.

  True