6.1. Urbanisation

• What is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in urban areas called?

  Urbanisation
• Urbanisation involves the migration of people from rural areas to urban areas.


  True
• Arrange the push factors in rural areas in order of severity:

  1️⃣ Environmental degradation

  2️⃣ Poor infrastructure

  3️⃣ Lack of education and healthcare facilities

  4️⃣ Limited job opportunities
• Urban areas experience higher birth rates due to a younger population
• What is a common result of cities generating excessive waste and wastewater?

  Illegal dumping
• What is the process called where an increasing proportion of a population lives in urban areas?

  Urbanisation
• Match the pull factors in urban areas with their descriptions:

  Education and healthcare facilities ↔️ Greater availability of quality schools

  Better infrastructure ↔️ Superior transportation and communication

  Job opportunities ↔️ Abundant employment prospects in various sectors
• What is a positive cultural implication of urbanization?

  Increased cultural diversity
• The influx of diverse cultures can lead to the erosion of cultural identity
• Green infrastructure can improve air quality and reduce the urban heat island effect.


  True
• What is the process of urbanization defined as?

  Rural to urban migration
• Urbanization leads to higher population growth in cities due to both natural increase and migration.


  True
• Match the factors driving population growth with their impact in urban and rural areas:

  Natural Increase ↔️ Higher birth rates in urban areas ||| Lower birth rates in rural areas

  Migration ↔️ Influx to urban areas ||| Outflow from rural areas

  Improved Healthcare ↔️ Lower mortality rates in urban areas ||| Limited access in rural areas
• Steps to address resource depletion in urban areas:

  1️⃣ Encourage resource conservation

  2️⃣ Promote recycling

  3️⃣ Develop sustainable infrastructure
• Positive social implications of urbanization include cultural exchange, improved education, and expanded social mobility
• Strategies for sustainable urban development:

  1️⃣ Green Infrastructure

  2️⃣ Sustainable Transportation

  3️⃣ Efficient Resource Management

  4️⃣ Mixed-Use Zoning
• Curitiba's BRT system is an example of sustainable transportation in urban areas


  True
• Which factor in urban areas attracts people from rural areas due to abundant employment prospects?

  Job opportunities
• What is one pull factor in urban areas that provides access to quality education and healthcare?

  Education and healthcare facilities
• Investing in modern waste disposal systems helps address the waste management challenge of urbanisation.


  True
• Urbanization places immense pressure on natural resources like water, energy, and land.


  True
• Match the push factors in rural areas with their descriptions:

  Limited job opportunities ↔️ Scarce employment options in agriculture

  Poor infrastructure ↔️ Inadequate roads and sanitation

  Environmental degradation ↔️ Natural disasters and pollution
• What is a potential solution to reduce pollution caused by urbanization?

  Stricter emission standards
• Income inequality between urban and rural areas is an economic challenge of urbanization.


  True
• The weakening of traditional social structures is a negative implication of urbanization.


  True
• Strategies for sustainable urban development

  1️⃣ Green Infrastructure

  2️⃣ Sustainable Transportation

  3️⃣ Efficient Resource Management

  4️⃣ Mixed-Use Zoning
• Match the sustainable urban development strategy with its benefit:

  Green Infrastructure ↔️ Improves air and water quality

  Sustainable Transportation ↔️ Reduces traffic congestion

  Efficient Resource Management ↔️ Conserves natural resources

  Mixed-Use Zoning ↔️ Reduces commute times
• Why do urban areas have higher natural increase rates compared to rural areas?

  Younger population
• Rapid urban population growth can create challenges in terms of housing and resource management


  True
• Pollution from vehicle emissions and industrial activities contributes to air, water, and soil contamination


  True
• Urbanization creates significant economic challenges that require careful urban planning and management


  True
• Sustainable urban development aims to meet the needs of current residents without compromising future generations


  True
• Green infrastructure improves air and water quality while reducing the urban heat island
• Match the case studies of urbanization with their sustainable strategies:

  Curitiba ↔️ Bus Rapid Transit

  Freiburg ↔️ Renewable Energy Use

  Singapore ↔️ Green Parks and Water Management
• Limited job opportunities in rural areas act as a push
• Insufficient access to quality schooling and medical services is a push factor in rural areas.


  True
• Why do urban areas have lower mortality rates compared to rural areas?

  Improved healthcare
• Rapid urban growth can lead to increased air pollution from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and waste burning
• The key factors driving urbanization can be divided into push factors in rural areas and pull factors in urban areas
• Urbanization contributes to higher population growth in cities due to migration from rural areas.


  True