14.1.3 Analyzing and interpreting data

• What is an example of quantitative data?

  Weight
• What is an example of qualitative data?

  Opinion
• The independent variable is manipulated or changed
• Controlled variables are kept constant
• What are the two primary methods for representing data?

  Tables and graphs
• What type of graph is used to compare categories using bars?

  Bar chart
• Graphs are best for visualizing trends, relationships, and patterns
• What type of data describes qualities or characteristics that cannot be easily measured?

  Qualitative data
• What is the independent variable in an experiment?

  The variable manipulated
• Line graphs are effective for showing trends over time
• The mean is calculated as the sum of all values divided by the number of values
• A data trend refers to the overall direction that the data is moving towards over time
• Conclusions from data should be supported by evidence.


  True
• Data-supported conclusions ensure they are valid and meaningful.


  True
• A low p-value indicates statistically significant results.


  True
• What is the independent variable in an experiment testing the effect of temperature on plant growth?

  Temperature
• What is the best use for graphs in data representation?

  Visualizing trends
• Tables are structured with rows and columns
• Tables are most suitable for displaying numerical, also known as quantitative
• A line graph is ideal for showing how a student's height changes over time
• Descriptive statistics provide a concise summary of the central tendency and spread
• What is the primary goal of making conclusions from data?

  Draw inferences and interpretations
• Match the concept with its definition:

  Data reliability ↔️ Measures consistency and accuracy

  Data significance ↔️ Measures whether results are due to chance
• High reliability means trustworthy data.


  True
• What is experimental error?

  Difference between measured and true value
• Systematic errors can skew results and must be identified and corrected
• In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable you manipulate or change
• Analyzing data patterns and trends helps draw conclusions about relationships between variables
• What are the two types of data in physics?

  Quantitative and qualitative
• Qualitative data describes qualities that can be measured numerically.

  False
• Match the type of data with its description:

  Quantitative ↔️ Numerical and can be measured

  Qualitative ↔️ Describes qualities or characteristics
• In an experiment testing the effect of temperature on plant growth, what is the independent variable?

  Temperature
• In the plant growth experiment, what are examples of controlled variables?

  Soil, water, sunlight
• Tables are ideal for comparing specific values directly.


  True
• Match the method with its best use:

  Tables ↔️ Display numerical data in a structured format

  Graphs ↔️ Visualize trends and relationships
• A line graph is better for showing how a student's height changes over time compared to a table.

  True
• Quantitative data is numerical, while qualitative data is non-numerical
• Match the variable type with its role in an experiment:

  Independent Variable ↔️ Manipulated by experimenter

  Dependent Variable ↔️ Measured or observed

  Controlled Variables ↔️ Kept constant
• Order the descriptive statistics from least to most complex:

  1️⃣ Range

  2️⃣ Mode

  3️⃣ Median

  4️⃣ Mean
• The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset.

  True