6.4. Urban Climate

• The urban heat island effect describes the phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures
• Planting trees throughout cities is a strategy to mitigate urban heat
• Match the factor with its impact on urban climate:

  Reduced vegetation ↔️ Increased temperatures

  Buildings and structures ↔️ Reduced wind speeds

  Urban forests ↔️ Lower temperatures
• Urban areas with more green spaces experience lower temperatures.


  True
• The urban heat island effect is solely caused by air pollution.

  False
• What are the benefits of planting urban forests?

  Lowers temperatures, improves air quality
• Building shading helps reduce direct solar heat gain.


  True
• Concrete and asphalt absorb and retain more heat than natural surfaces
• Reduced vegetation is a factor contributing to urban climate differences.


  True
• The urban heat island effect is solely caused by air pollution.

  False
• Order the factors that contribute to the urban heat island effect:

  1️⃣ Heat absorption by buildings

  2️⃣ Reduced vegetation
• What are the key factors contributing to urban climate differences?

  Temperature, wind, precipitation
• Match the health issue with its urban climate impact:

  Heat-related illnesses ↔️ Increased heat waves

  Respiratory diseases ↔️ Higher air pollution

  Mental health ↔️ Stress from crowded environments
• Mitigating urban heat can reduce the impact of the urban heat island effect
• The urban heat island effect occurs when urban areas are cooler than surrounding rural areas.

  False
• Green roofs lower building energy consumption and reduce stormwater runoff
• What does the term "urban climate" refer to?

  Climate in urban areas
• How does urban climate impact human health?

  Heat-related illnesses
• Why does urban climate differ from rural climate?

  Several urban-specific factors
• What type of materials in urban areas absorb more heat compared to rural areas?

  Concrete and asphalt
• The urban heat island effect results in increased urban temperatures
• Order the strategies for mitigating urban heat from most to least effective:

  1️⃣ Urban forests

  2️⃣ Green roofs

  3️⃣ Cool pavements

  4️⃣ Building shading
• Cool pavements use light-colored and permeable materials to reflect sunlight
• How do urban forests reduce heat in cities?

  Evapotranspiration and shade
• Match the urban climate factor with its impact:

  Reduced vegetation ↔️ Increases temperatures and pollution

  Altered wind patterns ↔️ Reduces ventilation and air dispersal

  Heat absorption by buildings ↔️ Leads to higher temperatures
• What type of material is used for cool pavements to reduce heat absorption?

  Light-colored and permeable
• What is a common health issue related to the urban heat island effect?

  Heat stroke