2.4.1 Introduction to Organic Compounds

• Organic compounds are composed primarily of carbon-hydrogen bonds, which are relatively non-polar and weak
• Carbon-hydrogen bonds are relatively non-polar, leading to low melting and boiling points
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive due to the presence of double or triple bonds
• Match the functional group with its molecular formula:

  Hydroxyl ↔️ -OH

  Carboxyl ↔️ -COOH

  Amino ↔️ -NH₂
• What is the molecular formula of the hydroxyl functional group?

  -OH
• Match the functional group with its molecular formula:

  Aldehyde ↔️ -CHO

  Ketone ↔️ -CO-

  Ester ↔️ -COO-

  Ether ↔️ -O-

  Halide ↔️ -X
• What type of bonds are emphasized in organic chemistry?

  Carbon-hydrogen bonds
• What effect do polar functional groups have on the melting and boiling points of organic compounds?

  Increase them
• What is the molecular formula of the hydroxyl functional group?

  -OH
• The hydroxyl functional group has the molecular formula -OH
• What do the conventions for naming organic compounds use to convey information about the molecule's structure and properties?

  Prefixes and suffixes
• What is the molecular formula of methane?

  CH₄
• What is the molecular formula of ethene?

  C₂H₄
• The suffix "-yne" indicates the presence of a triple bond
• Butane and isobutane are examples of stereoisomers.

  False
• Polymerization reactions involve combining many small monomers
• What is organic chemistry the study of?

  Carbon-based compounds
• What effect do polar functional groups have on intermolecular forces and melting/boiling points?

  Increase both
• What type of carbon-carbon bonds are present in saturated hydrocarbons?

  Only single bonds
• What are functional groups in organic molecules?

  Specific groups of atoms
• Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within organic molecules that determine their chemical properties and reactivity
• What is the molecular formula of the amino functional group?

  -NH₂
• Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based compounds, which are the foundation of all living organisms
• Longer carbon chains and branching increase van der Waals forces between molecules, raising melting and boiling points
• Unsaturated hydrocarbons have higher melting and boiling points compared to saturated hydrocarbons.


  True
• Steps in naming alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

  1️⃣ Identify the prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms

  2️⃣ Add the suffix "-ane" for alkanes, "-ene" for alkenes, or "-yne" for alkynes
• The suffix for all alkanes is "-ane".

  True
• The suffix for alkenes is "-ene
• What is the suffix for alkynes?

  yne
• What is the key structural difference between structural isomers and stereoisomers?

  Bonding order
• The addition of hydrogen to ethene results in the formation of ethane
• What is the product of the elimination reaction that dehydrates ethanol?

  Ethene
• Longer carbon chains and branching increase van der Waals forces, raising melting and boiling points.

  True
• The presence of polar functional groups increases intermolecular forces in organic compounds.


  True
• Match the type of hydrocarbon with an example:

  Saturated ↔️ Methane

  Unsaturated ↔️ Ethene
• Each functional group confers unique characteristics to organic compounds.

  True
• What is the molecular formula of the carboxyl functional group?

  -COOH
• Each functional group confers unique characteristics to the organic compounds they are part of.


  True
• Carbon-hydrogen bonds are polar and strong.

  False
• Match the property with the correct type of hydrocarbon:

  Carbon-Carbon Bonds ↔️ Single bonds in saturated hydrocarbons

  Reactivity ↔️ Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive

  Examples ↔️ Alkanes for saturated, Alkenes for unsaturated