9.2 Data Collection and Analysis

• Gathering primary data is a key importance of data collection in fieldwork.


  True
• Effective data collection and analysis are essential for producing meaningful and insightful geographical fieldwork.


  True
• Quantitative data collection methods involve systematic approaches to gather numerical data.


  True
• Quantitative data includes measurements, counts, and ratings on a scale
• In geographical fieldwork, researchers collect two main types of data: quantitative and qualitative.


  True
• Qualitative data describes qualities, characteristics, or properties.

  True
• Steps for conducting a controlled experiment in geographical fieldwork:

  1️⃣ Define the variable to test

  2️⃣ Set up control and experimental groups

  3️⃣ Collect data using standardized procedures

  4️⃣ Compare the results between groups
• Qualitative data collection methods involve gathering descriptive information that cannot be measured numerically
• Focus groups require summarizing key themes
• Metadata documents details about the data, such as location, time, and collection methods
• What is the primary purpose of quantitative data collection methods?

  To gather numerical data
• Standardised procedures are essential for accurate measurements in fieldwork.

  True
• What is the role of a facilitator in focus groups?

  To guide discussions
• Why is metadata important in data organization?

  To document data details
• Match the inferential statistical technique with its description:

  Correlation Analysis ↔️ Strength and direction of relationships

  Regression Analysis ↔️ Modeling relationships between variables
• Researchers group related codes into themes during thematic analysis.


  True
• Graphs are commonly used to visualize numerical data
• Data analysis allows geographers to identify patterns and trends in their findings.

  True
• Effective data presentation requires clarity, accuracy, simplicity, and relevance
• Software like Excel, R, and GIS can facilitate the creation of high-quality visualizations
• Observing geographical phenomena is part of data collection in fieldwork.


  True
• What are the two main types of data used in geographical fieldwork?

  Quantitative and qualitative
• What are common techniques for collecting quantitative data?

  Surveys, experiments, measurements
• Open-ended questions are used in interviews to collect detailed insights.

  True
• Regular data backups are essential for digital databases in fieldwork.


  True
• Documenting details about the data, such as location, time, and methods used, enhances data understanding
• What is the purpose of spatial analysis techniques in geographical fieldwork?

  Identify patterns and trends
• Thematic analysis involves coding data to group related information into themes
• What are four key design principles for effective data presentation?

  Clarity, accuracy, simplicity, relevance
• Which data analysis method is used to model relationships between water quality variables in river water quality studies?

  Regression Analysis
• Data analysis allows geographers to draw conclusions about the research topic.
• What are the two main types of data used in geographical fieldwork?

  Quantitative and qualitative
• Steps in conducting a controlled experiment for quantitative data collection:

  1️⃣ Define the research question

  2️⃣ Design the experimental setup

  3️⃣ Collect data using controlled variables

  4️⃣ Analyze the data statistically
• Quantitative and qualitative data provide complementary information in geographical fieldwork.


  True
• Match the type of data with its examples:

  Quantitative Data ↔️ Measurements of rainfall

  Qualitative Data ↔️ Observations of land use
• What are the common techniques for collecting quantitative data?

  Surveys, experiments, measurements
• Match the qualitative data collection technique with its example:

  Interviews ↔️ Exploring customer experiences

  Observations ↔️ Monitoring pedestrian traffic

  Focus Groups ↔️ Gathering opinions on public park facilities
• What is the purpose of a field notebook in geographical fieldwork?

  Record observations and data
• Why is data collection crucial in geographical fieldwork?

  Answers research questions
• Random sampling in surveys ensures representativeness