9.4 Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids

• The general formula for alcohols is CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
• The hydroxyl group in a tertiary alcohol is attached to a branched carbon atom.
• Match the type of alcohol with its bond type:

  Saturated Alcohols ↔️ Single bonds only

  Unsaturated Alcohols ↔️ Double or triple bonds present
• In primary alcohols, the -OH group is attached to a terminal carbon atom


  True
• What is an example of a secondary alcohol?

  2-Propanol
• What is the key difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols?

  Position of the -OH group
• Prop-2-en-1-ol is an example of an unsaturated alcohol


  True
• Methanol is completely soluble in water


  True
• Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl group with the general formula -COOH
• Why are alkanes insoluble in water?

  Non-polar nature
• Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl group attached to a carbon atom.
• Match the compound with its general formula:

  Alkanes ↔️ CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

  Alcohols ↔️ CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH

  Carboxylic Acids ↔️ CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH
• Carboxylic acids are acidic because the carboxyl group can donate a proton.
• What is the general formula for alcohols?

  CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH
• The position of the -OH group in alcohols affects their chemical and physical properties.

  True
• Match the feature with the type of alcohol:

  Saturated Alcohols ↔️ Single bonds only

  Unsaturated Alcohols ↔️ Double or triple bonds present
• Match the property with the correct type of alcohol:

  Single bonds only ↔️ Saturated Alcohols

  Double or triple bonds ↔️ Unsaturated Alcohols
• What functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

  Carboxyl group (-COOH)
• What is the key difference between alcohols and carboxylic acids?

  Carboxyl group (-COOH)
• Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point:

  1️⃣ Alkanes

  2️⃣ Alcohols

  3️⃣ Carboxylic Acids
• Match the type of alcohol with its definition:

  Primary (1°) Alcohol ↔️ -OH group attached to a terminal carbon

  Secondary (2°) Alcohol ↔️ -OH group attached to a middle carbon

  Tertiary (3°) Alcohol ↔️ -OH group attached to a branched carbon
• What type of bonds are present in saturated alcohols?

  Single bonds only
• Give an example of an unsaturated alcohol.

  Prop-2-en-1-ol
• Order the types of alcohols based on the position of the -OH group, from terminal to branched:

  1️⃣ Primary (1°) Alcohol

  2️⃣ Secondary (2°) Alcohol

  3️⃣ Tertiary (3°) Alcohol
• What is an example of a primary alcohol?

  Ethanol
• In tertiary alcohols, the -OH group is attached to a branched carbon atom


  True
• Saturated alcohols contain only single bonds between carbon atoms


  True
• Why do alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes with comparable molecular weights?

  Hydrogen bonding
• Steps illustrating hydrogen bonding in alcohols

  1️⃣ Alcohol 1: R-OH

  2️⃣ Hydrogen bond formation

  3️⃣ Alcohol 2: R-OH
• Which functional group influences the physical properties of alcohols?

  Hydroxyl group (-OH)
• Alcohols are soluble in water because of the polar nature of the -OH group.
• What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

  CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH
• What is the key difference between carboxylic acids and other organic compounds?

  Carboxyl group (-COOH)
• Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points and stronger acidity compared to alcohols?

  Carboxyl group (-COOH)
• Primary alcohols have the -OH group attached to a terminal carbon atom.


  True
• What type of bonds are present in saturated alcohols?

  Single bonds only
• What type of bond is present in saturated alcohols between carbon atoms?

  Single bond
• Alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes due to hydrogen bonding
• The general formula for carboxylic acids is CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH
• Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols due to stronger hydrogen bonding