6.2.2 Evolution

• What is evolution defined as in biology?

  Change in inherited traits
• In natural selection, traits that provide a survival and reproductive advantage become more common
• What does the fossil record show about the timeline of organisms on Earth?

  Simpler life forms earlier
• Vestigial structures in organisms suggest they share a common ancestor
• Match the type of evidence with its description:

  Fossil Record ↔️ Succession of organisms over time

  Comparative Anatomy ↔️ Similarities in anatomical structures

  Biogeography ↔️ Geographical distribution of organisms
• What is the outcome of artificial selection?

  Specific traits for human use
• How does biogeography provide evidence for evolution?

  Similar species in isolation
• Survival of the fittest refers to individuals with the strongest physical traits.

  False
• Why is genetic variation essential for evolution?

  Provides raw material for selection
• Arrange the principles of natural selection in the correct order as described by Darwin:

  1️⃣ Variation

  2️⃣ Inheritance

  3️⃣ Competition

  4️⃣ Survival of the Fittest
• Mutations are changes in DNA sequences that introduce new alleles
• What is the definition of evolution in biological terms?

  Change in inherited traits
• The fossil record shows a succession of organisms over geological time
• The geographical distribution of organisms provides evidence for evolution.


  True
• Arrange the principles of Darwin's theory of natural selection in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Variation

  2️⃣ Inheritance

  3️⃣ Competition

  4️⃣ Survival of the Fittest
• Genotype refers to the combination of alleles an organism possesses.
• Match the evolutionary concept with its definition or example:

  Gene ↔️ Segment of DNA determining a trait

  Allele ↔️ Different forms of a gene

  Genotype ↔️ Combination of alleles in an organism

  Phenotype ↔️ Observable characteristics
• An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele is called dominant
• What is a Punnett square used to predict?

  Genotype and phenotype ratios
• What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

  Genotype is alleles, phenotype is traits
• A Punnett square for a cross between two heterozygous red-flowered plants (Rr x Rr) predicts a phenotype ratio of 3 red to 1 white.
• Natural selection is driven by human preferences, while artificial selection is driven by environmental pressures.

  False
• Match the driving force with its selection type:

  Environmental pressures ↔️ Natural selection

  Human preferences ↔️ Artificial selection
• The presence of similar species in geographically isolated regions supports the evidence for evolution.


  True
• The fossil record shows that simpler life forms appeared earlier than more complex life forms over geological time
• Vestigial structures are fully functional and essential for an organism's survival.

  False
• Darwin's theory includes the principle that individuals within a population exhibit natural variation
• Arrange the principles of Darwin's theory of natural selection in the correct order:

  1️⃣ Variation

  2️⃣ Inheritance

  3️⃣ Competition

  4️⃣ Survival of the Fittest
• Natural selection explains how evolution occurs through principles such as competition, variation, inheritance, and survival of the fittest
• What is the key outcome of survival of the fittest in natural selection?

  Passing on advantageous genes
• Genetic variation is essential for evolution because it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon.

  True
• How does sexual reproduction contribute to genetic variation?

  Combines alleles from parents
• Genetic variation allows populations to adapt to changing environments.

  True
• Match the process with its driving force in evolution:

  Natural Selection ↔️ Environmental pressures

  Artificial Selection ↔️ Human preferences
• What do vestigial structures in organisms suggest about their evolutionary relationships?

  Common ancestry
• Darwin's theory of natural selection emphasizes that organisms with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes
• What is the primary driving force behind Darwin's theory of natural selection?

  Environmental pressures
• What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from its genotype?

  Phenotype
• What tool is used to predict genotype and phenotype ratios in offspring?

  Punnett square
• A recessive allele expresses its trait only when homozygous

  True