2.8 Women and Demographic Change

• What is demographic change driven by?

  Birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, age and sex ratios
• Urbanization can affect population distribution.

  True
• Migration patterns influence population distribution and size
• What are three key factors influencing women's birth rates?

  Family planning, education, cultural norms
• Changes in women's education and workforce participation can reshape a country's demographic landscape.

  True
• The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) measures the average number of children a woman is expected to have if current birth rates remain constant
• Government policies such as parental leave can support larger family sizes.


  True
• Improvements in women's health contribute to sustainable demographic trends
• What is demographic change defined as?

  Shift in population traits
• Population distribution is affected by migration and urbanization.


  True
• Low death rates contribute to population growth
• Match the key aspect of demographic change with its description:

  Population Size ↔️ Total number of individuals

  Population Structure ↔️ Distribution by age and sex

  Migration Patterns ↔️ Movement from one place to another

  Age and Sex Ratios ↔️ Proportion of males to females
• What factors influence women's role in birth rates?

  Education, cultural norms
• What is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR)?

  Average number of children
• What impact does access to family planning have on fertility rates?

  Enables informed decisions
• What is the typical age range for measuring fertility rates?

  15-49 years
• Match the factor influencing fertility rates with its impact:

  Education ↔️ Lowers fertility rates

  Cultural Norms ↔️ Maintains or lowers rates

  Government Policies ↔️ Supports larger families
• Women's health status affects their ability to bear and raise healthy children
• What type of stress can negatively impact mental health and reproductive outcomes?

  Stress
• What is a primary economic reason for women's migration?

  Seeking better employment
• How do cultural norms affect demographic change?

  Impact fertility, migration
• Greater economic participation by women leads to fewer children.


  True
• Societal expectations and traditions regarding family size and gender roles are examples of cultural norms.
• Access to healthcare can influence mortality rates and family planning decisions.

  True
• How do higher income levels affect demographic change?

  Lower birth rates
• Government policies aimed at family planning help lower birth rates.
• Changes in population size can be due to births, deaths, and migration.
• Match the key aspect of demographic change with its description:

  Birth Rates ↔️ Number of live births per 1,000 people

  Migration Patterns ↔️ Movement of people from one place to another

  Population Structure ↔️ Distribution of individuals by age and sex

  Death Rates ↔️ Number of deaths per 1,000 people
• What role do cultural norms play in women's impact on demographics?

  Influence birth rates
• Changes in women's roles and demographics can significantly reshape a country's demographic landscape.

  True
• Higher education for women lowers fertility rates due to delayed childbearing.
• What does the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) measure?

  Average children per woman
• Higher education for women often leads to lower fertility rates due to career aspirations.


  True
• Cultural norms regarding family size can maintain or lower fertility
• What are some key outcomes shaped by women's reproductive decisions?

  Population growth and age structure
• Access to contraception and fertility treatments lowers fertility rates.

  True
• Mental health services for women can improve reproductive outcomes and family dynamics
• Key reasons for women's migration:

  1️⃣ Economic: Seeking better employment opportunities

  2️⃣ Social: Joining family or escaping abuse

  3️⃣ Personal: Career advancement or lifestyle change
• How do cultural norms affect demographic changes?

  Influence fertility and migration
• Government policies like parental leave can impact fertility rates and overall demographics.


  True