C2.2.2 Covalent Bonding

• Covalent bonds are generally strong and stable.


  True
• Covalent bonding contrasts with ionic bonding, where atoms transfer electrons rather than sharing them.
• What is the main purpose of electron sharing in covalent bonding?

  Achieve stable configuration
• Covalent bonds have a specific directional orientation.

  True
• What is the primary difference between covalent and ionic bonding in terms of electron behavior?

  Sharing vs. transferring electrons
• Atoms share electrons to become stable
• What type of electron transfer occurs in ionic bonding?

  Complete transfer
• What is covalent bonding defined as?

  Sharing pairs of electrons
• What determines whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar?

  Electronegativity difference
• In covalent bonding, atoms achieve stability by sharing electrons.


  True
• Covalent bonding contrasts with ionic bonding, where atoms achieve stability by completely donating or accepting electrons.
• Summarize the process of covalent bond formation

  1️⃣ Atoms with incomplete outer shells share electron pairs

  2️⃣ Atoms fill their outer shells and become stable

  3️⃣ The bond develops directional orientation
• What do atoms share in covalent bonding?

  Pairs of electrons
• Covalent bonds have a specific directional orientation.

  True
• Match the bonding type with its electron transfer mechanism:

  Covalent Bonding ↔️ Share electron pairs

  Ionic Bonding ↔️ Transfer electrons
• What is the primary goal of covalent bonding?

  Stable electron configuration
• What type of electron transfer occurs in covalent bonding?

  Electron pair sharing
• How do atoms in covalent bonding achieve stability?

  By sharing electrons
• Covalent bonds have a specific directional orientation, while ionic bonds do not.


  True
• What happens to atoms with incomplete outer electron shells in covalent bonding?

  They share electron pairs
• Covalent and ionic bonding are both types of chemical bonding that achieve stability in atoms.


  True
• What are the two main types of chemical bonding discussed in this study material?

  Covalent and ionic
• Atoms in covalent bonding donate or accept electrons to form bonds.

  False
• Covalent bonds have a specific directional orientation, while ionic bonds have no directionality
• What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes covalent bonds from ionic bonds in terms of directionality?

  Directionality
• Which ionic compound is listed as an example in this study material?

  Sodium chloride
• What determines whether a covalent compound is polar or non-polar?

  Electronegativity difference
• Steps in the formation of covalent bonds

  1️⃣ Atoms with incomplete outer electron shells share electron pairs

  2️⃣ Atoms fill their outer shells and become more stable

  3️⃣ Shared electron pairs create specific directional orientation
• What happens to electrons in covalent bonding?

  Atoms share electron pairs
• Steps in the formation of a covalent bond:

  1️⃣ Atoms with incomplete outer electron shells share electron pairs

  2️⃣ Atoms fill their outer shells and become more stable

  3️⃣ Shared electron pairs create directional orientation
• Covalent bonds are generally stronger than ionic bonds.
• Ionic bonds have a specific directional orientation.

  False
• Covalent bonding allows atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration by filling their outer electron shells.
• What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding in terms of electron transfer?

  Sharing vs. transferring
• Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electron pairs.
• Summarize the process of covalent bond formation:

  1️⃣ Atoms with incomplete outer shells share electron pairs

  2️⃣ Atoms fill their outer shells and become stable

  3️⃣ Shared electron pairs create directional orientation
• In covalent bonding, atoms share electron pairs.
• In covalent bonding, atoms share electron pairs to achieve stability.share
• How does the bond strength of covalent bonds compare to ionic bonds?

  Stronger than ionic
• Ionic bonding involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another.


  True