5.4.2 Regulation of blood glucose

• Insulin is secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels.


  True
• What is the action of insulin in muscle tissue?

  Increases glucose uptake
• Insulin in adipose tissue increases glucose uptake and fat storage
• Which hormones lower and raise blood glucose levels respectively?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What is the primary function of glucagon?

  Increases blood glucose levels
• The negative feedback mechanism for blood glucose regulation involves insulin and glucagon.

  True
• When blood glucose is low, glucagon stimulates the liver to release stored glycogen
• Diet and exercise can influence blood glucose levels.


  True
• Which target tissue of insulin increases fat storage?

  Adipose
• Insulin stimulates the liver and muscle cells to convert glucose into glycogen
• Insulin is secreted by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels.

  False
• What non-carbohydrate sources are used in gluconeogenesis?

  Proteins and fats
• Steps in the negative feedback mechanism for blood glucose regulation

  1️⃣ High blood glucose stimulates insulin release

  2️⃣ Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cells

  3️⃣ Blood glucose levels decrease

  4️⃣ Low blood glucose stimulates glucagon release

  5️⃣ Glucagon stimulates liver to release glucose

  6️⃣ Blood glucose levels increase
• Low blood glucose triggers the release of glucagon
• What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?

  Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
• In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas initially produces adequate insulin, but cells become resistant to it.


  True
• What is blood glucose?

  Glucose concentration in blood
• Insulin stimulates the liver and muscle cells to convert glucose into glycogen
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

  Reduces blood glucose levels
• Insulin promotes glucose uptake by cells.


  True
• Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose in a process called glycogenolysis
• What happens to blood glucose levels when insulin is released?

  They decrease
• What is the role of blood glucose in the body?

  Provides energy to cells
• Insulin is secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels
• What is the primary action of insulin in glucose uptake by cells?

  Facilitates glucose entry
• Match the target tissue with the action of insulin:

  Muscle ↔️ Increases glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis

  Adipose ↔️ Increases glucose uptake, fat storage

  Liver ↔️ Promotes glycogen synthesis, inhibits glucose release

  Other cells ↔️ Facilitates glucose entry
• Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose through a process called glycogenolysis
• The opposing actions of insulin and glucagon help maintain blood glucose levels within a narrow, healthy range.


  True
• Which two hormones are involved in the negative feedback mechanism for blood glucose regulation?

  Insulin and glucagon
• Match the type of diabetes with its characteristic:

  Type 1 Diabetes ↔️ Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

  Type 2 Diabetes ↔️ Insulin resistance and deficiency
• Type 1 diabetes requires treatment with insulin injections