C4.1.2 Extraction of Metals

• The method used to extract metals from their naturally occurring ores depends on the metal's reactivity
• Low reactivity metals like gold (Au) are found as pure elements and can be extracted by heating with carbon.

  False
• Moderately reactive metals are extracted by heating the ore with carbon
• Low reactivity metals like gold (Au) can be extracted by heating with carbon.

  False
• Match the extraction method with the metal it is used for:

  Electrolysis ↔️ Sodium (Na)

  Heating with carbon ↔️ Iron (Fe)

  Occur as pure elements ↔️ Gold (Au)
• The reactivity of a metal is the key factor that determines its extraction
• What is another factor, besides reactivity, that affects the choice of extraction method?

  Cost
• Match the extraction method with the metal it is used for:

  Electrolysis ↔️ Sodium (Na)

  Heating with carbon ↔️ Iron (Fe)

  Occur as pure elements ↔️ Gold (Au)
• Highly reactive metals are extracted using the method called electrolysis
• Steps involved in extracting iron by heating with carbon:

  1️⃣ Heat the iron ore with carbon

  2️⃣ Carbon reduces iron oxide to iron

  3️⃣ Purify the extracted iron
• Electrolysis is less expensive than heating with carbon.

  False
• What is the chemical reaction for extracting sodium from sodium chloride using electrolysis?

  2 NaCl → 2 Na + Cl₂
• Match the environmental impact with a sustainability measure:

  Habitat destruction ↔️ Habitat restoration

  Water pollution ↔️ Chemical containment

  Air pollution ↔️ Emission control

  High energy consumption ↔️ Renewable energy use
• Sustainability efforts in metal extraction aim to balance resource use with environmental conservation.


  True
• Which method is used to extract highly reactive metals like sodium (Na)?

  Electrolysis
• What is the process of heating ore with carbon called when extracting moderately reactive metals like iron (Fe)?

  Reduction
• Steps in the extraction of iron (Fe) from its ore using carbon:

  1️⃣ Heat the iron ore with carbon

  2️⃣ Carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide

  3️⃣ Iron oxide is reduced to pure iron
• What is the main factor affecting the choice of metal extraction method?

  Reactivity
• Describe the process of electrolysis used to extract highly reactive metals.

  Electric current separates metal
• Electrolysis is cheaper than heating with carbon for metal extraction.

  False
• Heating with carbon is used to extract moderately reactive metals like iron (Fe).

  True
• What are low reactivity metals like gold extracted by?

  Mining and purifying
• Moderately reactive metals like iron are extracted by heating the ore with carbon.

  True
• Which highly reactive metal is extracted using electrolysis?

  Sodium
• Match the extraction method with the reactivity of the metal:

  Highly reactive ↔️ Electrolysis

  Moderately reactive ↔️ Heating with carbon

  Low reactivity ↔️ Occur as pure elements
• What is the main factor that determines the extraction method of a metal?

  Reactivity
• Iron is extracted cost-effectively by heating its ore with carbon
• What is the chemical reaction for extracting iron from iron oxide using reduction with carbon?

  Fe₂O₃ + 3 C → 2 Fe + 3 CO
• Recycling metals reduces the need for new mining