6.1.1 Benzene structure

• August Kekulé proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure with alternating single and double bonds
• What is unique about the carbon-carbon bond lengths in benzene?

  All bond lengths are equal
• Michael Faraday's discovery of benzene marked the initial identification of this organic compound.


  True
• Kekulé's model accurately explains benzene's resistance to addition reactions.

  False
• In benzene, all six carbon-carbon bonds are equal in length
• The unhybridized p orbitals in benzene form a delocalized π electron system.


  True
• What is the approximate length of each carbon-carbon bond in benzene?

  1.39 Å
• August Kekulé proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure with alternating single and double bonds
• Match the person with their discovery related to benzene:

  Michael Faraday ↔️ Isolated benzene

  August Kekulé ↔️ Proposed cyclic structure
• In benzene, all six carbon-carbon bonds are equal in length, unlike Kekulé's prediction.


  True
• What is the major difference between Kekulé's model and the actual bond lengths in benzene?

  Equal bond lengths
• What type of hybridization does each carbon atom in benzene undergo?

  sp² hybridization
• What type of bonds are formed by the sp² hybrid orbitals in benzene?

  σ bonds
• The delocalized π electrons in benzene contribute to its high stability and resistance to addition reactions.


  True
• Match the compound with its stability and reactivity:

  Benzene ↔️ High stability, low reactivity

  Alkene ↔️ Low stability, high reactivity
• Who was the first person to isolate benzene from illuminating gas?

  Michael Faraday
• Benzene readily undergoes addition reactions like alkenes.

  False
• Benzene is stable and resists addition reactions
• What fundamental concept about benzene did August Kekulé propose in 1865?

  Cyclic structure with alternating bonds
• What type of hybridization do carbon atoms undergo in benzene according to the modern understanding?

  sp²
• The delocalized π electron system in benzene makes it stable and resistant to addition reactions
• Who was the first to isolate benzene from illuminating gas?

  Michael Faraday
• Kekulé's cyclic structure of benzene laid the foundation for its modern understanding.


  True
• What type of reactions does benzene resist that alkenes undergo easily?

  Addition reactions
• Benzene resists addition reactions, whereas alkenes undergo them easily
• Benzene is cyclic with delocalized π electrons.
• In benzene, the unhybridized p orbitals overlap to form a delocalized π electron system.


  True
• The delocalized π electron system in benzene ensures all carbon-carbon bonds have equal lengths.
• What is the primary reason for benzene's stability?

  Aromaticity