6.2.1 Aldehydes and ketones

• Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon.
• What is the common functional group in both aldehydes and ketones?

  Carbonyl group
• Ketones have a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon-containing groups.


  True
• Aldehydes are named using the suffix -al.
• What is the general formula for ketones?

  R1-CO-R2
• Match the feature with the correct carbonyl compound:

  General Formula ↔️ R-CHO

  Substituents on Carbonyl Carbon ↔️ H and R
• Aldehydes and ketones both contain a carbonyl group.


  True
• Which suffix is used for naming ketones?

  -one
• Match the feature with the correct carbonyl compound:

  Carbonyl Group ↔️ C=O bonded to H and R

  General Formula ↔️ R1-CO-R2

  Nomenclature Suffix ↔️ -one
• What is the general formula for aldehydes?

  R-CHO
• Match the feature with the correct carbonyl compound:

  Carbonyl Group ↔️ Bonded to at least one hydrogen atom

  General Formula ↔️ R-CHO

  Example ↔️ Methanal
• What functional group is present in both aldehydes and ketones?

  Carbonyl group
• The general formula for aldehydes is R-CHO.


  True
• Steps in naming aldehydes and ketones using IUPAC nomenclature:

  1️⃣ Identify the parent chain

  2️⃣ Number the chain from the carbonyl carbon

  3️⃣ Use the correct suffix (-al for aldehydes, -one for ketones)
• The carbonyl group in aldehydes is always at the end of the parent chain.


  True
• The carbonyl carbon in aldehydes has at least one hydrogen atom attached.
• The carbonyl group determines the chemical properties and reactivity of aldehydes and ketones.


  True
• Aldehydes use the suffix -al in their nomenclature.
• What makes the carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones reactive?

  Its polarity
• Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon.


  True
• The distinction between aldehydes and ketones affects their chemical properties and nomenclature.


  True
• Aldehydes end with the suffix "-al", while ketones end with "-one".


  True
• The suffixes "-al" and "-one" distinguish aldehydes and ketones in IUPAC nomenclature.


  True
• Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones due to the presence of a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl group.


  True
• Match the property with the correct carbonyl compound:

  Higher reactivity ↔️ Aldehydes

  Lower solubility ↔️ Ketones

  Higher boiling point than alkanes ↔️ Both
• Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon.
• What is the general formula for aldehydes?

  R-CHO
• Match the feature with the correct carbonyl compound:

  Carbonyl Group ↔️ C=O bonded to H and R

  General Formula ↔️ R-CHO

  Nomenclature ↔️ -al suffix
• Ketones have at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon.

  False
• Aldehydes are named using the suffix -al.
• What type of atom is directly bonded to the carbonyl carbon in aldehydes?

  Hydrogen
• Ketones have two carbon-containing groups attached to the carbonyl carbon.
• Aldehydes have at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon.


  True
• Aldehydes can be oxidized to carboxylic acids using KMnO₄.
• Match the reaction with the correct product for aldehydes:

  Reduction ↔️ Primary alcohol

  Oxidation ↔️ Carboxylic acid

  Nucleophilic Addition ↔️ Cyanohydrins
• Formaldehyde is used as a solvent and preservative.


  True
• Match the use with the correct carbonyl compound:

  Fragrances ↔️ Benzaldehyde

  Disinfectants ↔️ Formaldehyde

  Solvents ↔️ Acetone
• The carbonyl group (C=O) is the functional group in both aldehydes and ketones.


  True
• Which carbonyl compound is also known as formaldehyde?

  Methanal
• The carbonyl group in aldehydes is bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.