6.2.2 Carboxylic acids and derivatives

• The carboxyl functional group in carboxylic acids consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to the same carbon
• What is the IUPAC name of CH₃COOH?

  Ethanoic Acid
• Steps to systematically name carboxylic acids

  1️⃣ Identify the longest carbon chain containing the carboxyl group

  2️⃣ Add the suffix "-oic acid" to the root name
• Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols due to strong hydrogen bonding.


  True
• Carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols due to resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion.
• What is the IUPAC name of CH₃COOH?

  Ethanoic Acid
• Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols of similar molar mass?

  Strong hydrogen bonding
• What suffix is added to the root name of the longest carbon chain in IUPAC nomenclature for carboxylic acids?

  -oic acid
• What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

  -COOH
• The IUPAC name of carboxylic acids ends in "-oic acid"


  True
• Carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols due to resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion.
• Match the carboxylic acid with its IUPAC name:

  CH₃COOH ↔️ Ethanoic Acid

  C₆H₅COOH ↔️ Benzoic Acid

  C₂H₅COOH ↔️ Propanoic Acid
• Why does the solubility of carboxylic acids decrease with increasing carbon chain length?

  Larger nonpolar alkyl group
• Resonance stabilization distributes the negative charge over the carboxyl group in carboxylic acids.


  True
• Match the carboxylic acid with its IUPAC name:

  CH₃COOH ↔️ Ethanoic Acid

  C₆H₅COOH ↔️ Benzoic Acid

  C₂H₅COOH ↔️ Propanoic Acid
• The solubility of lower carboxylic acids decreases with increasing carbon chain length.


  True
• Acetic acid is also known as ethanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature.
• Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points compared to alcohols or aldehydes of similar molar mass?

  Strong hydrogen bonding
• Carboxylic acids are more acidic than alcohols due to resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion.


  True
• Match the reaction with its conditions:

  Esterification ↔️ Acid catalyst, heat

  Hydrolysis ↔️ Acid or base catalyst, heat
• What functional group replaces the -OH group in acid chlorides?

  -Cl
• Match the functional group with its type:

  Carboxylic Acid ↔️ -COOH

  Acid Chloride ↔️ -COCl
• What functional group characterizes carboxylic acids?

  -COOH
• The general structure of a carboxylic acid consists of a carboxyl group bonded to an alkyl or aryl group.


  True
• Esterification is the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form an ester
• Esterification and hydrolysis are examples of reversible reactions.
• Why are acid chlorides more reactive than carboxylic acids?

  Higher electronegativity of chlorine
• Anhydrides are formed by the removal of water from two carboxylic acid groups.
• What are common reactions of anhydrides?

  Hydrolysis and nucleophilic acyl substitution
• Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point:

  1️⃣ Alcohols

  2️⃣ Aldehydes

  3️⃣ Carboxylic acids

  4️⃣ Amides
• Nitriles contain the -CN functional group.


  True
• Why are amides less acidic than carboxylic acids?

  Hydrogen bonding
• The higher boiling point of amides is due to their ability to participate in hydrogen bonding.
• Carboxylic acids exhibit distinct physical properties due to their carboxyl group.


  True
• Lower carboxylic acids with up to four carbons are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding.
• Steps in the esterification reaction

  1️⃣ A carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol

  2️⃣ An ester and water are formed
• Esterification and hydrolysis are examples of reversible reactions that can synthesize and break down esters.
• Acid chlorides are more reactive than carboxylic acids due to the presence of the chlorine atom.


  True
• Acid chlorides are useful intermediates in organic synthesis because they can be readily converted into other derivatives.
• Match the key aspect of carboxylic acids with its description:

  Functional Group ↔️ Carboxyl (-COOH)

  Nomenclature ↔️ IUPAC name ends in "-oic acid"