forces and their effects

• How is a force defined?

  A push or pull acting on an object
• What can forces change about an object?

  Speed, direction, and shape
• What force increases a vehicle's speed?

  Thrust from the engine
• How can a comet's direction be affected?

  By gravitational attraction
• What happens to a spring under a heavy load?

  Its shape changes
• What is weight in physics?

  • The force of gravity on a mass
• What is electrostatic force?

  • The force between two charged objects
• What is thrust?

  • The force causing an object to move
• What is air resistance?

  • The friction of air on a moving object
• What is upthrust?

  • The force of a fluid pushing an object upwards
• What is compression?

  • Forces that act inward on an object
• What is tension?

  • Force transmitted through a cable or string
• What is reaction force?

  • A force due to contact between two objects
• What defines a contact force?

  A force acting between physically touching objects
• What is friction?

  A force that opposes motion
• What is air resistance classified as?

  A type of friction
• What does tension do?

  Pulls two connected objects apart
• What does the reaction force do?

  Pushing touching objects apart
• What defines a non-contact force?

  A force acting at a distance without contact
• What is gravitational force?

  The attractive force between two masses
• What is electrostatic force?

  A force between charged objects
• What is magnetic force?

  A force between magnetic poles
• How do force pairs work according to Newton's third law?

  They are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
• What happens when Ben pulls the sledge?

  Tension is produced in the rope
• What does the ground provide to Ben and the sledge?

  A reaction force supporting them
• What opposes Ben's motion up the hill?

  Friction between the sledge and ground
• What pulls Ben and the sledge downwards?

  Gravitational attraction from the Earth
• What is a scalar quantity?

  A quantity with only magnitude
• What is a vector quantity?

  A quantity with magnitude and direction
• How is velocity described?

  With both speed and direction
• What is the difference between distance and displacement?

  Displacement includes direction; distance does not
• What is the significance of force pairs?

  They are equal and opposite forces
• How do balanced forces affect an object?

  They result in no resultant force
• What happens in unbalanced forces?

  They produce a resultant force on the object
• What is the resultant force when two people pull with 80 N and 100 N?

  20 N to the right
• What is equilibrium in physics?

  • All forces are balanced
  • No resultant force
  • Object remains at rest or constant velocity
• What is a free body diagram?

  • A diagram showing all forces acting on an object
  • Each force is represented as a vector arrow
• What does a scale drawing help with in vector addition?

  It allows for accurate resultant force calculations
• What is the purpose of resolving vectors into components?

  To calculate resultant forces accurately
• What is the scale used in a vector diagram?

  A ratio representing real-world measurements