components in series and parallel circuits

• What is the total resistance in a series circuit?

  Sum of individual resistances
• How does increasing the number of resistors in series affect overall resistance?

  It increases the overall resistance
• What is the relationship between total voltage and individual voltages in a series circuit?

  Total voltage is the sum of individual voltages
• What happens to voltage in a series circuit?

  It is shared between all components
• How does total resistance in parallel compare to series?

  Total resistance decreases in parallel
• Why does total resistance decrease in parallel circuits?

  Each resistor provides an extra path for charge
• What is a key advantage of parallel circuits?

  Components can be individually controlled
• What happens if one component fails in a parallel circuit?

  Other components continue to function
• If the combined resistance in a series circuit is 60 Ω, what is R2 if R1 is 30 Ω and R3 is 10 Ω?

  20 Ω
• What is the equation for combined resistance in series?

  R = R1 + R2 + R3
• In a series circuit with a current of 2 A and a fixed resistor of 4 Ω, what is the voltage across the resistor?

  8 V
• What does it mean that current is conserved in a series circuit?

  Current is the same at all points
• How does voltage behave in a parallel circuit?

  Voltage across each component is the same
• What happens to the total resistance when two resistors are connected in parallel?

  It is less than the smallest resistor
• What are two disadvantages of series circuits?

  All components stop if one fails
• How does the current through a fixed resistor change with potential difference?

  Current increases as potential difference increases
• What does the I-V graph for a fixed resistor look like?

  It is a straight line through the origin
• Why is the resistance of a filament lamp not constant?

  Resistance increases with temperature
• What happens to the resistance of a thermistor as temperature increases?

  Resistance decreases as temperature increases
• What is the function of a diode?

  Allows current to flow in one direction
• What is the significance of forward bias in a diode?

  Current flows easily in one direction
• What is the effect of reversing the potential difference across a diode?

  No current flows in reverse bias
• What is an LDR?

  A resistor that changes with light intensity
• How does light intensity affect the resistance of an LDR?

  Resistance decreases as light intensity increases
• What is a thermistor?

  A resistor that changes with temperature
• How does temperature affect the resistance of a thermistor?

  Resistance decreases as temperature increases
• What is the use of a thermistor in devices?

  Temperature sensors in various circuits
• What is the importance of knowing circuit symbols for the exam?

  They are commonly tested in exams
• What is the relationship between resistance and current in a filament lamp?

  Resistance increases as current increases
• What is the significance of the I-V graph for a diode?

  It shows current flow directionality
• What happens to the current in a diode when it is in reverse bias?

  No current flows
• What is the effect of temperature on the resistance of a thermistor?

  Resistance decreases with increasing temperature
• How does the resistance of an LDR change with light intensity?

  Resistance decreases with increasing light intensity
• What is the role of a thermistor in a digital thermometer?

  It measures temperature changes
• What is the significance of the I-V graph for a fixed resistor?

  It indicates direct proportionality between current and voltage
• What happens to the current in a series circuit if one component fails?

  All components stop working
• How does the current behave in a parallel circuit?

  It splits at junctions
• What is the effect of adding more resistors in series?

  It increases the total resistance
• What is the effect of adding more resistors in parallel?

  It decreases the total resistance
• What is the relationship between voltage and current in a series circuit?

  Voltage is shared among components