Practical Techniques

• What should you wear during experiments?

  Lab coat, safety goggles, and gloves
• Why is it important to measure solids accurately?

  To ensure the correct amount is used
• How do you ensure no solid is left in the weighing container?

  Wash it into the new container with solvent
• What is the purpose of re-zeroing the balance after transferring a solid?

  To calculate the exact mass added
• What are the three methods to measure liquids?

  • Pipettes: Accurate volume transfer
  • Burettes: Measure liquid from top to bottom
  • Measuring cylinders: Commonly used for various volumes
• How should you read the volume of a liquid?

  From the bottom of the meniscus
• What is the function of a pipette filler?

  To safely control liquid intake
• How do you use a burette to measure liquid?

  Take initial and final readings for volume
• What is the common use of measuring cylinders?

  To measure out a liquid
• Why is it important to choose the right size measuring cylinder?

  To avoid massive measurement errors
• When would you use a dropping pipette?

  To transfer a couple of drops of liquid
• What is the purpose of a gas syringe?

  To measure gas volumes
• What conditions should gases be measured under?

  Room temperature and pressure
• How do you ensure a gas syringe is ready for use?

  Check it's sealed and plunger moves smoothly
• What is the first step in measuring temperature accurately?

  Immerse the bulb of the thermometer
• Why should you wait for the thermometer to stabilize?

  To ensure an accurate temperature reading
• How should you start and stop a stopwatch during an experiment?

  At precisely the right time
• What is the purpose of using indicators in pH measurement?

  To determine acidity or alkalinity
• What are the different methods to measure pH?

  • Indicators: Change color in acids/alkalis
  • Universal indicator: Gradual color change
  • Indicator paper: Color change for pH testing
  • pH probes: Digital display of pH value
• What does litmus paper indicate?

  Turns red in acids, blue in bases
• Why is indicator paper useful?

  It doesn't change the substance's color
• How should you handle chemicals during experiments?

  Use a spatula and funnel for transfer
• What should you do if chemicals are flammable?

  Ensure proper ventilation before lighting
• What is the purpose of a fume hood?

  To contain harmful gases during experiments
• What should you do when diluting a liquid?

  Add concentrated substance to water
• What are the key safety precautions in chemistry experiments?

  • Read safety precautions before starting
  • Wear protective gear: lab coat, goggles, gloves
  • Ensure good ventilation
  • Use fume hoods for harmful gases
  • Handle chemicals with care
• What is the main goal of accurate measurements in experiments?

  To ensure reproducible and trusted results
• What are the practical skills needed in experiments?

  • Measuring solids and liquids accurately
  • Measuring temperature and time
  • Measuring pH levels
  • Handling and mixing substances safely