states of matter and thermal capacity

• What is density defined as?

  The mass per unit volume of a material
• How does the density of low density materials compare to their mass?

  They typically have a low mass
• How does the mass of similarly sized objects differ based on density?

  High density objects have a high mass
• Which is lighter: a bag of feathers or a bag of metal?

  A bag full of feathers
• How does the density of a balloon compare to a small bar of lead?

  A balloon is less dense than lead
• Why are gases less dense than solids?

  Molecules are more spread out in gases
• What is the relationship between density, mass, and volume?

  Density = mass/volume
• What units are used for density when mass is in grams and volume in cm³?

  g/cm³
• What units are used for density when mass is in kilograms and volume in m³?

  kg/m³
• What happens to an object with a density greater than water?

  It will sink
• How can the volume of an object be calculated?

  Using the appropriate equation for its shape
• What is the density of the paving slab after calculation?

  $4300 \text{ kg/m}^3$
• What should you ensure when converting between units?

  Comfortable with unit conversions
• What happens when converting a larger unit to a smaller one?

  You multiply
• What happens when converting a smaller unit to a larger one?

  You divide
• What are the three states of matter?

  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• How are particles arranged in a solid?

  Closely packed in a regular pattern
• How do particles behave in a solid?

  They vibrate about fixed positions
• What shape and volume do solids have?

  Definite shape and volume
• How are particles arranged in a liquid?

  Closely packed but not in a regular pattern
• How do particles behave in a liquid?

  They can flow over one another
• What shape and volume do liquids have?

  No definite shape, but definite volume
• How are particles arranged in a gas?

  Widely separated
• How do particles behave in a gas?

  They move randomly
• What shape and volume do gases have?

  No definite shape or volume
• Why are gases highly compressible?

  Large gaps between the particles
• How does the density of solids and liquids compare?

  They are roughly the same
• How does the density of gases compare to solids and liquids?

  Gases have significantly lower densities
• What is the approximate distance between gas molecules at room temperature?

  About ten times that of solids/liquids
• What is the density of water?

  1000 kg/m³
• What is the density of air at sea level and room temperature?

  1.3 kg/m³
• What are the steps to determine the density of regularly shaped objects?

  1. Measure mass using a digital balance
  2. Measure dimensions with appropriate tools
  3. Calculate volume based on shape
  4. Use density equation to find density
• What is the resolution of a 30 cm ruler?

  1 mm
• What is the resolution of vernier calipers?

  0.01 mm
• What is the resolution of a micrometer?

  0.001 mm
• What is the resolution of a digital balance?

  0.01 g
• What are the steps to determine the density of irregularly shaped objects?

  1. Measure mass using a digital balance
  2. Use a eureka can for displacement
  3. Measure volume of displaced water
  4. Calculate density using mass and volume
• What are the steps to determine the density of liquids?

  1. Measure mass of empty cylinder
  2. Fill cylinder with liquid and measure volume
  3. Measure mass of cylinder with liquid
  4. Calculate density using mass and volume
• What are systematic errors in density experiments?

  Errors in measurement setup or calibration
• What are random errors in density experiments?

  Errors due to variations in measurements