Evidence of Evolution: Resistance Bacteria

• What should viewers be able to describe by the end of this video?

  How bacteria become resistant to antibiotics
• What should viewers also be able to describe by the end of this video?

  How to reduce the rate of resistant bacteria
• What can fossils show us about different species?

  How species have evolved over time
• How long does evolution usually take?

  Millions of years
• Which type of organism evolves extremely rapidly?

  Bacteria
• Under ideal conditions, how often can bacteria reproduce?

  Every 30 minutes
• Why can bacteria evolve rapidly?

  They reproduce at a fast rate
• When did doctors begin using antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases?

  1940s
• What was a common outcome of bacterial diseases in the past?

  Many people died
• What do antibiotics do to bacteria?

  Kill bacteria
• Where else are antibiotics used besides medicine?

  In farms
• Why are antibiotics used in farms?

  To prevent bacterial diseases in animals
• What has happened in the last few years regarding antibiotics?

  Certain bacteria are no longer killed
• What have certain strains of bacteria done to antibiotics?

  Evolved and are now resistant
• What is one common strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria called?

  MRSA
• What could you be asked to describe in the exam regarding antibiotic resistance?

  How antibiotic resistance happens
• What causes genetic variation in a population of organisms?

  Mutations
• What is it called when a bacteria causes a disease in humans?

  A pathogen
• What makes a bacterium resistant to antibiotics?

  A mutation
• What happens when an antibiotic is used on a population of bacteria, including a resistant strain?

  All are killed except the resistant
• What happens to the antibiotic-resistant strain after the other bacteria are killed?

  It survives and reproduces
• What happens over time to the population of the resistant strain?

  The population rises
• Why does the resistant strain spread?

  People are not immune to it
• Why is it important to reduce the development of antibiotic-resistant strains?

  There is no effective treatment
• What are three ways to reduce the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria?

  • Doctors should not prescribe antibiotics inappropriately.
  • Patients should complete the course of antibiotics.
  • We should restrict the use of antibiotics in farming.
• Why is it bad for doctors to prescribe antibiotics inappropriately?

  Antibiotics have no effect on viruses
• Why should patients complete their course of antibiotics?

  To kill all bacteria and prevent mutation
• What is the benefit of restricting antibiotic use in farming?

  It reduces resistance development
• Why is it unlikely that researchers will be able to keep up with antibiotic resistance?

  New resistant bacteria emerge constantly
• What makes it unlikely to keep up with the development of antibiotic resistance?

  Research takes a long time
• What is a problem with developing new antibiotics?

  It is extremely expensive
• What can be used to see how different species have evolved over time?

  Fossils