Evolution by Natural Selection

Cards (20)

  • Approximately how many different species of animals and plants are there on Earth?
    Nearly 9 million
  • What percentage of all species that have ever lived on Earth are thought to be extinct?
    99 percent
  • According to scientists, when did life first develop on Earth?
    More than 3 billion years ago
  • What were the first life-forms like?
    Very simple, for example single cells
  • What do scientists call the process by which all species of living things have evolved from simple life forms?
    Evolution by natural selection
  • What did the last video cover that is relevant to this one?
    A massive amount of genetic variation
  • Why do individual rabbits within a population have different characteristics?
    Every rabbit has a slightly different combination of alleles
  • In a population of rabbits, if the environment gets colder, which rabbits are more likely to survive?
    Rabbits which have inherited alleles for thicker fur
  • Why are rabbits with thicker fur more likely to reproduce in a colder environment?
    Because they can survive the cold temperatures
  • What happens to the alleles for thicker fur over many generations in a colder environment?
    They will become more common
  • If a fox moves into an area, what trait in rabbits would be most advantageous for survival?
    Better eyesight or better hearing
  • Why do better eyesight or hearing increase survival rates when a predator is present?
    These rabbits will be more likely to detect the fox
  • What happens to the alleles for better eyesight or hearing over many generations when foxes are present?
    They will be widespread
  • What do scientists say has happened when the inherited characteristics of a population change over time?
    The population has evolved
  • What is evolution defined as in the video?
    Change in inherited characteristics of population over time
  • Through what process does evolution occur, as described in the video?
    Natural selection
  • What happens when two populations of one species become so different that they can no longer interbreed?
    They become two separate species
  • Why are pygmy rabbits considered a different species from normal-sized rabbits?
    They cannot breed successfully with normal-sized rabbits
  • What term is used to describe the process by which new species arise?
    Speciation
  • What types of organisms are excluded from the count of nearly 9 million different species of animals and plants on Earth?
    Microbes such as bacteria