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GCSE Biology Paper 2
Evolution by Natural Selection
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Sihaam
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Cards (20)
Approximately how many different species of animals and plants are there on Earth?
Nearly 9 million
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What percentage of all species that have ever lived on Earth are thought to be extinct?
99 percent
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According to scientists, when did life first develop on Earth?
More than
3 billion
years ago
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What were the first life-forms like?
Very simple, for example single
cells
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What do scientists call the process by which all species of living things have evolved from simple life forms?
Evolution by natural selection
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What did the last video cover that is relevant to this one?
A massive amount of
genetic variation
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Why do individual rabbits within a population have different characteristics?
Every rabbit has a slightly different combination of
alleles
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In a population of rabbits, if the environment gets colder, which rabbits are more likely to survive?
Rabbits which have inherited
alleles
for thicker fur
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Why are rabbits with thicker fur more likely to reproduce in a colder environment?
Because they can
survive
the cold temperatures
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What happens to the alleles for thicker fur over many generations in a colder environment?
They will become
more common
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If a fox moves into an area, what trait in rabbits would be most advantageous for survival?
Better
eyesight
or
better
hearing
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Why do better eyesight or hearing increase survival rates when a predator is present?
These
rabbits
will be more likely to detect the
fox
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What happens to the alleles for better eyesight or hearing over many generations when foxes are present?
They will be
widespread
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What do scientists say has happened when the inherited characteristics of a population change over time?
The population has
evolved
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What is evolution defined as in the video?
Change in
inherited
characteristics of
population
over time
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Through what process does evolution occur, as described in the video?
Natural selection
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What happens when two populations of one species become so different that they can no longer interbreed?
They become two separate species
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Why are pygmy rabbits considered a different species from normal-sized rabbits?
They cannot breed
successfully
with normal-sized rabbits
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What term is used to describe the process by which new species arise?
Speciation
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What types of organisms are excluded from the count of nearly 9 million different species of animals and plants on Earth?
Microbes
such as
bacteria
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