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GCSE Biology Paper 2
Alleles
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Sihaam
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Cards (39)
Where is DNA found?
In
chromosomes
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What else should you be able to describe by the end of this video?
Homozygous
,
heterozygous
,
genotype
, and
phenotype
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How many pairs of chromosomes do normal human cells contain?
23
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How many copies of every chromosome do normal human cells contain?
Two
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Where does one chromosome in the pair come from?
Father
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What are genes?
Sections
of DNA on a
chromosome
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Where does the other chromosome come from?
Mother
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How many copies of every gene do we have?
Two
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What controls earwax?
A single
gene
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What controls most characteristics?
Many
genes
acting together
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What do scientists call different versions of genes?
Alleles
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How many alleles does the gene for earwax have?
Two
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What does one allele lead to?
Wet
earwax
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What symbol is given to the allele that leads to wet earwax?
Capital E
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What does the other allele lead to?
Dry
earwax
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What symbol is given to the allele that leads to dry earwax?
Lowercase e
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What does the genotype of a person tell us?
The
alleles
present
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What do scientists say if a person has two copies of the same allele?
They are
homozygous
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What does the phenotype of a person tell us?
The characteristics caused by the
alleles
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What is the genotype if a person has two alleles for wet earwax?
Capital E
capital E
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If a person has two alleles for wet earwax, what is their phenotype?
Wet
earwax
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What is the genotype of a person who has one allele for wet earwax and one for dry earwax?
Capital E
lowercase e
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What do scientists call two different alleles?
Heterozygous
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In the case of earwax, which allele is dominant to the other?
Wet
earwax
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What will a dominant allele do, even if there is only one copy present?
Show in the
phenotype
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What is the phenotype of a person with the genotype Capital E lowercase e?
Wet earwax
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When will a recessive allele show in the phenotype?
If two
copies
are present
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What is a recessive allele?
An allele that only shows when
homozygous
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What is the phenotype of a person with two copies of the allele for dry earwax?
Dry
earwax
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What kind of characteristic is height?
Result of many
genes
acting together
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Where is DNA located within a cell?
In
chromosomes
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How do chromosomes exist within normal human cells?
In
pairs
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What are genes a section of?
DNA
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What does 'homozygous' mean?
Having two identical
alleles
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What does 'heterozygous' mean?
Having two different
alleles
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When does a dominant allele express its trait?
Even when paired with
recessive allele
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When does a recessive allele express its trait?
Only when
paired
with another
recessive
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What type of trait is earwax type?
Single-gene trait
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What does the next video discuss?
Genetic
crosses
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