Meisois and Fertilisation

Cards (29)

  • How are chromosomes arranged in normal human cells?
    In pairs
  • How many pairs of chromosomes are in a normal human cell?
    23
  • What type of cells contain single chromosomes?
    Gametes
  • How many single chromosomes does a human gamete contain?
    23
  • What process produces gametes?
    Meiosis
  • Where does meiosis take place?
    Reproductive organs
  • Name the male reproductive organ where meiosis takes place
    Testes
  • Name the female reproductive organ where meiosis takes place
    Ovaries
  • What happens to the chromosomes during the first stage of meiosis?
    All of the chromosomes are copied
  • What happens to the cell after the chromosomes are copied in meiosis?
    The cell divides into two
  • What happens to the two cells formed in the first division of meiosis?
    They divide one more time
  • What is the state of the chromosomes in the gametes produced by meiosis?
    Not paired
  • How does meiosis affect the number of chromosomes?
    Halves the number of chromosomes
  • How many gametes does meiosis produce from one original cell?
    Four
  • How are the gametes produced by meiosis related to each other genetically?
    Genetically different from each other
  • What is the term for different versions of a gene?
    Alleles
  • What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis?
    The number is halved
  • What is the state of the chromosomes in the gametes from a male and a female?
    Single, not paired
  • What term do scientists use for the joining of gametes?
    Fertilization
  • What happens to the number of chromosomes after fertilization?
    The normal number is restored
  • What is the chromosome number in a fertilized human egg?
    23 chromosome pairs
  • What process does the new cell use to divide after fertilization?
    Mitosis
  • What is the name of the clump of identical cells produced by mitosis after fertilization?
    An embryo
  • What happens to the cells as the embryo develops?
    The cells differentiate
  • What is meant by cell differentiation?
    Forming different cell types
  • Name two cell types in animals
    Nerve cells and muscle cells
  • If a cell in a reproductive organ has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete produced by meiosis have?
    23 chromosomes
  • How does fertilization contribute to genetic diversity?
    Combining genes from two different parents
  • How do meiosis and mitosis differ in their effects on chromosome number?
    Meiosis halves, mitosis maintains chromosome number