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GCSE Biology Paper 2
Meisois and Fertilisation
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Cards (29)
How are chromosomes arranged in normal human cells?
In pairs
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How many pairs of chromosomes are in a normal human cell?
23
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What type of cells contain single chromosomes?
Gametes
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How many single chromosomes does a human gamete contain?
23
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What process produces gametes?
Meiosis
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Where does meiosis take place?
Reproductive organs
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Name the male reproductive organ where meiosis takes place
Testes
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Name the female reproductive organ where meiosis takes place
Ovaries
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What happens to the chromosomes during the first stage of meiosis?
All
of the
chromosomes
are
copied
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What happens to the cell after the chromosomes are copied in meiosis?
The cell
divides
into
two
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What happens to the two cells formed in the first division of meiosis?
They divide
one more time
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What is the state of the chromosomes in the gametes produced by meiosis?
Not
paired
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How does meiosis affect the number of chromosomes?
Halves
the number of chromosomes
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How many gametes does meiosis produce from one original cell?
Four
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How are the gametes produced by meiosis related to each other genetically?
Genetically
different
from each other
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What is the term for different versions of a gene?
Alleles
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What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis?
The number is
halved
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What is the state of the chromosomes in the gametes from a male and a female?
Single, not
paired
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What term do scientists use for the joining of gametes?
Fertilization
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What happens to the number of chromosomes after fertilization?
The
normal
number is restored
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What is the chromosome number in a fertilized human egg?
23
chromosome pairs
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What process does the new cell use to divide after fertilization?
Mitosis
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What is the name of the clump of identical cells produced by mitosis after fertilization?
An
embryo
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What happens to the cells as the embryo develops?
The cells
differentiate
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What is meant by cell differentiation?
Forming different
cell types
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Name two cell types in animals
Nerve cells
and
muscle cells
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If a cell in a reproductive organ has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete produced by meiosis have?
23
chromosomes
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How does fertilization contribute to genetic diversity?
Combining genes from two different
parents
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How do meiosis and mitosis differ in their effects on chromosome number?
Meiosis
halves
, mitosis
maintains
chromosome number
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