Control Of Blood Glucose Concentration

• What two types of diabetes should you be able to describe?

  Type 1 and type 2
• What hormone should higher tier students be able to describe the role of?

  Glucagon
• Where do glands release hormones, as seen in the previous video on the endocrine system?

  Into the bloodstream
• What do hormones bind to?

  Specific target organs
• What is the effect of hormones binding to target organs?

  They trigger an effect
• Why is it important to keep blood glucose concentration as constant as possible?

  To ensure cells get energy
• What process is maintaining a constant blood glucose concentration part of?

  Homeostasis
• Which organ monitors blood glucose concentration?

  The pancreas
• After a carbohydrate-rich meal, what happens to the blood glucose concentration?

  It rises
• What hormone does the pancreas produce when blood glucose concentration rises?

  Insulin
• How does insulin travel around the body?

  In the bloodstream
• What does insulin trigger body cells to do?

  Take up glucose
• What does insulin trigger liver and muscle cells to do with excess glucose?

  Store it as glycogen
• How does insulin lower blood glucose concentration?

  By storing it as glycogen
• What happens when blood glucose concentration returns to normal after insulin release?

  Homeostasis has taken place
• How many types of diabetes are mentioned?

  Two
• What condition do people have whose blood glucose control doesn't work effectively?

  Diabetes
• What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

  Pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin
• What do people with type 1 diabetes do to monitor their condition?

  Monitor blood glucose, inject insulin
• Why do people with type 1 diabetes inject themselves with insulin?

  If blood glucose rises too much
• What happens in type 2 diabetes?

  Body cells stop responding to insulin
• What is a common treatment for type 2 diabetes?

  Diet with controlled carbohydrates
• What dietary advice is often given to people with type 2 diabetes?

  Control carbohydrate intake
• Besides diet, what else are people with type 2 diabetes advised to do?

  Take exercise
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What hormone does the pancreas release when blood glucose concentration falls too low?

  Glucagon
• What does glucagon trigger liver cells to do?

  Convert glycogen back to glucose
• What effect does glucagon have on blood glucose concentration?

  It returns it to normal
• How is blood glucose concentration controlled in a person without diabetes?

  Balance between insulin and glucagon
• What happens when the glucose concentration falls to a certain level?

  Pancreas releases glucagon
• Why do scientists say that insulin and glucagon form a negative feedback cycle?

  They have opposite effects
• What is glycogen?

  A storage molecule of glucose
• How does blood glucose regulation exemplify homeostasis?

  Maintains a stable internal environment
• How does the negative feedback cycle involving insulin and glucagon work to maintain blood glucose levels?

  Opposing actions restore balance