conservation of energy

• What is gravitational potential energy defined as?

  The energy due to an object's height
• What happens to gravitational potential energy when an object is lifted?

  Energy is transferred to its gravitational potential store
• What occurs to gravitational potential energy when an object falls?

  Energy is transferred away from its gravitational potential store
• How is the change in gravitational potential energy (ΔGPE) calculated?

  ΔGPE = m × g × Δh
• What does ΔGPE stand for?

  Change in gravitational potential energy
• What is the unit of gravitational potential energy?

  Joules (J)
• What is the value of gravitational field strength (g) on Earth?

  Approximately 10 N/kg
• How does gravitational field strength differ between the Earth and the Moon?

  It is less on the Moon than on Earth
• What does a higher gravitational field strength on gas giants imply?

  It is harder to lift a mass on them
• What is the formula for kinetic energy?

  KE = 1/2 × m × v²
• What does KE stand for?

  Kinetic energy
• What is the relationship between an object's mass and its kinetic energy?

  More mass means more kinetic energy
• How do you calculate the kinetic energy of a vehicle with mass 1200 kg moving at 27 m/s?

  KE = 437,400 J
• What is a closed system in physics?

  A system with no net energy change
• What does the principle of conservation of energy state?

  Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• What happens to energy in a closed system?

  The total energy remains constant
• How can energy be dissipated?

  By heating and radiation
• What are the units of energy?

  Joules (J)
• What are the energy transfer pathways?

  • Mechanically
  • Electrically
  • By heating
  • By radiation
• What do energy flow diagrams represent?

  • Energy stores
  • Energy transfers
• What do Sankey diagrams illustrate?

  • Energy transfers proportions
  • Useful energy output vs. wasted energy
• How is energy transferred when a battery powers a torch?

  From chemical store to thermal store
• What happens to energy when an object falls?

  Transferred from gravitational to kinetic store
• What is the energy transfer when a vehicle accelerates?

  From chemical store to kinetic store
• What occurs when a vehicle slows down?

  Energy is transferred to thermal store
• How does energy transfer occur when boiling water in an electric kettle?

  From electrical to thermal store
• What happens to energy when a person jumps on a trampoline?

  Transferred from kinetic to elastic potential store
• How do you calculate wasted energy in a system?

  Wasted energy = Total energy in - Useful energy out
• What is the significance of defining a system in physics?

  It narrows focus to relevant parameters
• What is the energy transfer pathway for a falling object?

  Mechanical transfer from gravitational to kinetic store
• What is the energy transfer pathway for a battery powering a torch?

  Electrical transfer from chemical to thermal store
• How does energy dissipate in a vehicle collision?

  Transferred to thermal store of surroundings
• What happens to energy in a closed system?

  It remains constant
• What is the relationship between energy and work done in a system?

  Energy is transferred when work is done
• What is the effect of friction on energy transfers?

  It causes energy to dissipate as heat
• How does energy transfer occur in a trampoline jump?

  From kinetic to elastic potential to gravitational
• What is the role of energy flow diagrams?

  To represent energy stores and transfers
• What do Sankey diagrams illustrate about energy transfers?

  Proportions of useful and wasted energy
• What is the importance of significant figures in energy calculations?

  To ensure accuracy in reporting results
• What is the significance of energy conservation in physics?

  It ensures total energy remains constant