Enzymes and Digestion

• What are the enzymes used in digestion produced by?

  Cells
• Why are digestive enzymes important for digestion?

  They break down big molecules into smaller ones
• What are the big molecules that digestive enzymes break down?

  • Starch
  • Proteins
  • Fats
• What smaller molecules do digestive enzymes produce from starch?

  Glucose and maltose
• What happens to smaller, soluble molecules in digestion?

  They pass through the digestive system walls
• Where is amylase produced?

  Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
• What do proteases convert proteins into?

  Amino acids
• What is the name of the protease in the stomach?

  Pepsin
• Where are lipases produced?

  Pancreas and small intestine
• What do lipases convert lipids into?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• How does the body utilize the products of digestion?

  • Used to make new carbohydrates
  • Used to make new proteins
  • Used to make new lipids
  • Some glucose is used in respiration
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder
• Why is bile alkaline?

  To neutralise stomach acid for enzyme function
• How does bile help in fat digestion?

  It emulsifies fats into tiny droplets
• What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

  They catalyse the breakdown of food.
• What are the sources of digestive enzymes?

  • Produced by specialized cells in glands
  • Produced by cells in the gut lining
• What is the effect of emulsifying fats on lipase activity?

  It increases the surface area for faster digestion
• What do different enzymes do in digestion?

  They catalyse the breakdown of different food molecules.
• What are the three types of digestive enzymes mentioned?

  • Amylase (carbohydrase)
  • Protease
  • Lipase
• What enzyme is produced by the salivary glands?

  Amylase
• What is the question regarding bile's role in digestion?

  Describe and explain its role in digestion
• How does the stomach aid in digestion?

  It pummels food with muscular walls.
• What protease enzyme is produced in the stomach?

  Pepsin
• What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

  To kill bacteria and provide the right pH.
• What pH level is optimal for the protease enzyme in the stomach?

  pH 2 (acidic)
• What is the function of bile produced by the liver?

  To neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats.
• Where is bile stored before being released?

  Gall bladder
• What enzymes does the pancreas produce?

  Protease, amylase, and lipase
• Where are the enzymes released by the pancreas directed?

  Into the small intestine
• What happens in the small intestine regarding digestion?

  It produces enzymes to complete digestion.
• What is absorbed in the small intestine?

  Digested food into the blood
• What is stored in the rectum?

  Faeces made of indigestible food
• What happens to faeces before elimination?

  They are stored in the rectum.
• What is the overall process of the digestive system?

  • Food enters the digestive system
  • Digestive juices and enzymes are added
  • Most nutrients are absorbed into the body
  • Remaining waste is stored for removal
• What is the digestive system described as?

  A hole that goes right through the body
• What is the composition of faeces?

  Made up mainly of indigestible food
• What is the function of the large intestine?

  Where excess water is absorbed from food
• What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?

  It absorbs digested food into the blood.