Nanotubes

• What are carbon nanotubes made of?

  Tiny tubes of pure carbon
• What is the smallest size of carbon nanotubes?

  1 nm
• How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom in carbon nanotubes form?

  Three covalent bonds
• Why are carbon nanotubes considered extremely strong and light?

  Due to their covalent bonds
• In what materials can carbon nanotubes be used for reinforcement?

  Tennis rackets and high-tech materials
• What property of carbon nanotubes allows them to conduct electricity?

  Delocalised (free) electrons
• Where can carbon nanotubes be utilized in technology?

  Microchips and touch-screens
• What is graphene made of?

  A single layer of graphite
• Why is graphene a good conductor of electricity?

  It has delocalised electrons
• In what applications is graphene useful?

  Electronics and composites
• What are fullerenes made of?

  Hexagonal rings of carbon atoms
• What is unique about the structure of some fullerenes?

  They have rings of five or seven atoms
• What was the first fullerene discovered?

  Buckminsterfullerene
• What type of intermolecular forces exist between Buckminsterfullerene molecules?

  Weak intermolecular forces
• Why are fullerenes considered slippery?

  Due to weak intermolecular forces
• How can fullerenes be used in medicine?

  To deliver drugs
• What are carbon nanotubes structurally similar to?

  Sheets of graphene rolled into a tube
• What is the tensile strength of carbon nanotubes?

  They are strong with high tensile strength
• What makes carbon nanotubes good catalysts?

  Large surface areas
• What are the differences in structure between carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes?

  • Carbon nanotubes: rolled sheets of graphene
  • Graphene: single layer of carbon atoms
  • Fullerenes: spherical structures with hexagonal rings
• What are the allotropes of carbon discussed in the video?

  Graphene and fullerenes
• What are allotropes?

  Different structural forms of the same element
• What is the physical state of the allotropes discussed?

  Solid carbon
• What is the structure of graphene made up of?

  Multiple repeating hexagons
• How are the carbon atoms in graphene bonded?

  Each carbon is bonded to three other carbons
• Why is graphene strong?

  Due to its hexagonal structure and bonding
• What property allows graphene to conduct electricity?

  Delocalized pool of electrons
• How is graphene obtained from the ground?

  In the form of graphite
• What are fullerenes?

  Tiny tubes and spheres made from carbon
• How can fullerenes be used in drug delivery?

  They can cage drugs for targeted delivery
• Why are fullerenes useful as industrial catalysts?

  They have a large surface area to volume ratio
• What are carbon nanotubes used for?

  Nanotechnology and electronics
• How do carbon nanotubes strengthen materials?

  By having a high length to diameter ratio
• What is the first fullerene made?

  Buckminsterfullerene
• What is the formula for buckminsterfullerene?

  C$_{60}$
• What is nanotechnology?

  Technology using tiny structures
• In which industries is nanotechnology being used?

  Medicine, batteries, food, and fashion
• What are the main uses of graphene and fullerenes?

  • Electronics (conductivity)
  • Drug delivery systems
  • Industrial catalysts
  • Strengthening materials (e.g., tennis rackets)
  • Nanotechnology applications
• What are the key characteristics of graphene and fullerenes?

  • Graphene: strong, conductive, hexagonal structure
  • Fullerenes: hollow shapes (spheres, tubes), large surface area