Social influence

• What are the three types of conformity suggested by Jacob Kanas?


  Internalisation, Identification, Compliance
• What is internalisation in the context of conformity?

  A deep change in behavior due to group norms
• How does identification differ from internalisation?

  Identification is temporary; internalisation is permanent
• What characterizes compliance as a type of conformity?

  Superficial change while privately disagreeing
• What does informational social influence (ISI) suggest about conformity?

  We conform to be correct and gain information
• What is normative social influence (NSI)?

  Conforming to be accepted and liked by the group
• What are the key findings of Asch's research on conformity?

  • Participants conformed to incorrect group answers
  • Conformity increased with group size
  • Presence of a dissenter reduced conformity
• What is the main procedure used in Asch's research?

  Participants judged line lengths in groups
• Why is Asch's research considered an artificial situation?

  It lacked real-life relevance and context
• How do Asch's variations affect conformity findings?

  They show how different factors influence conformity
• What is the main conclusion from Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment?

  Situational factors can influence behavior significantly
• What was the procedure of the Stanford prison experiment?

  Participants assigned roles of guards and prisoners
• What ethical issues arose from the Stanford prison experiment?

  Participants experienced psychological distress
• What is the main finding of Milgram's original obedience study?

  People obey authority figures even against morals
• What was the procedure of Milgram's obedience study?

  Participants administered shocks to others for answers
• How does Milgram's study demonstrate low internal validity?

  Participants may have doubted the shocks' reality
• What is a limitation of Milgram's conclusions regarding obedience?

  They may not apply to real-life situations
• What ethical issues are associated with Milgram's research?

  Participants faced emotional and psychological stress
• Why is normative social influence considered strong?

  It has supporting research evidence
• What supports informational social influence?

  There is supporting research evidence
• What is a weakness of normative social influence?

  It may not be detected by individuals
• What did Nolan et al (2008) investigate regarding energy conservation?

  People's awareness of social norms' influence
• What did Nolan et al (2008) find about people's beliefs on energy conservation?

  People underestimated neighbors' influence on behavior
• What is a weakness of measuring normative influence?

  Participants may not disclose true feelings
• What is a key aspect of Asch's research on conformity?

  It lacked ecological validity
• What did demand characteristics affect in Asch's study?

  Participants' behavior in the conformity task
• What does low generalisability in Asch's research imply?

  Findings may not apply to all populations
• What do Neto (1995) and Bond & Smith (1996) argue about gender differences in conformity?

  Women may conform more due to social relationships
• What is a limitation of Asch's research regarding cultural differences?

  It does not account for collectivist cultures
• What did Perrin & Spencer (1980) find in their replication of Asch's study?

  Only one student conformed in their study
• Why might conformity rates have been higher in the 1950s?

  Due to social norms and anti-communist sentiment
• What ethical issue arose in Asch's research?

  Participants were deceived about the study's purpose
• What was Zimbardo's aim in his prison study?

  To find out if guards are sadistic or influenced by the situation
• How did Zimbardo enhance realism in his study?

  By arresting prisoners at their homes
• What was a significant finding of Zimbardo's study?

  Guards exhibited abusive behavior towards prisoners
• What was the conclusion of Zimbardo's study?

  All participants conformed to their assigned roles
• What did Reicher and Haslam (2001) find in their replication of Zimbardo's study?

  Prisoners became aggressive and challenged guards
• What does low reliability in Zimbardo's study suggest?

  Findings may not be consistent across replications
• How many male participants did Milgram recruit?

  40 male participants
• What was the procedure in Milgram's study?

  Participants were assigned as teachers and shocked learners