Topic 7

Cards (26)

  • What is the Earth's axis of rotation not fixed but traces out?
    A circular path against the stars
  • How does the Earth's axis behave like a spinning top?
    It points to different stars as it precesses
  • What are the equinoxes?
    Points where the equator cuts the ecliptic
  • What remains unchanged despite the precession of the Earth's axis?
    The direction of north remains north
  • Where does the Earth's axis currently point?
    Very close to the star Polaris
  • What was the position of the North Celestial Pole (NCP) about 5000 years ago?
    Close to the star Thuban
  • In how many years will the NCP lie near Vega?
    In about 12,000 years
  • What is the term for the gyroscopic wobbling of the Earth's axis?
    Precession
  • How long does it take for one complete rotation of precession?
    Approximately 26,000 years
  • Who discovered precession and when?
    Hipparchus of Bithynia in c. 150 BCE
  • What did Hipparchus compare to discover precession?
    His star charts with older Babylonian charts
  • How much did Hipparchus find the stars' positions shifted?
    Around 2° in ~200 years
  • What is the tilt of the Earth's axis to the vertical?
    23½°
  • What happens to the Earth's axis after half a period of precession?
    It remains tilted at 23½° but shifts position
  • What is the rate of shift of the Earth's axis per century?
    About 1.4° per century
  • What causes the precession of the Earth's axis?
    Gravitational forces from the Sun and Moon
  • What was one of the first suggestions about precession?
    It was a consequence of gravitation
  • How has the position of the NCP changed in the last 5000 years?
    From close to Thuban to close to Polaris
  • What is the current position of the NCP?
    Close to Polaris (α UMi)
  • What will happen to the First Point of Aries in the future?
    It will enter the constellation of Aquarius
  • What is the First Point of Aries?
    The point where the celestial equator cuts the ecliptic
  • How has the alignment of ancient monuments been affected by precession?
    They are misaligned with particular stars
  • What can archaeoastronomers determine from the misalignment of ancient monuments?
    The age of the monument
  • Which ancient monuments are associated with Orion's Belt?
    The Great Pyramids at Giza and Stonehenge
  • What remains aligned in ancient monuments despite precession?
    Alignment with the Sun at key dates
  • What has changed regarding the dates of solstices in ancient monuments?
    The dates of the solstices have slowly changed