lipids

• lipids are non-polar, thus immiscible in non-polar solvents
• diluted NaOH is immiscible in solubility test
• distilled H2O is immiscible in solubility test
• ethanol is slightly miscible because it is less polar in solubility test
• CCL4 is miscible because it is non-polar
• soap can emulsify fats because it forms micelles
• water + coconut oil will result in distinct layer
• water + coconut oil + Na2Co3 will result in temporary
• water + coconut oil + soap solution will result to permanent
• we used coconut oil, NaOH, and heat in preparation of soap
• fats or oil + 3 H2O = 3 FAs + glycerol
• Fatty acids reacts in basic solution (NaOH)
• fatty acids in alkaline solution

  3 FAs + 3NaOH = 3 FA salts + 3H2O
• pH uses phenolphthalein that is pink or purple in basic solution
• soap is basic in comparison of soap and detergent
• detergent is basic or neutral (more neutral) in comparison of soap and detergent
• in solubility of soap, it is insoluble in CaCl2 and MgCl2 ions
• in solubility of detergents it is soluble in CaCl2 and MgCl2
• soap creates Scum
• in emulsifying ability of soap, it is less suds
• in emulsifying ability of detergent, it is more suds
• the similarities of detergent and soap are: hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
• soap is biomass, hygiene
• detergent is synthetic, for surfaces and objects
• liebermann-burchardt test used to detect cholesterol
• liebermann-burchardt test principle: OH group in cholesterol reacts with reagent to form colored substance
• the samples in liebermann are cholesterol grains + chloroform
• the reagents used in liebermann are acetic anhydride and H2SO4
• if the sample is tested positive in liebarmann burchardt test, the colors are from lilac -blue- emerald green. it depends in the intensity of cholesterol. emerald green is the most intense
• • the similarities of detergent and soap are: hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail