Formation of Ions

• What are ions made from?

  Ions are made when electrons are transferred.
• Which groups of the periodic table are most likely to form ions?

  Groups 1 & 2 and 6 & 7 are the most likely to form ions.
• What happens to a sodium atom (Na) when it forms a sodium ion (Na⁺)?

  A sodium atom loses 1 electron to form a sodium ion (Na⁺).
• What is the electronic structure of a sodium ion (Na⁺)?

  It has the same electronic structure as neon.
• How does a magnesium atom (Mg) form a magnesium ion (Mg²⁺)?

  A magnesium atom loses 2 electrons to form a magnesium ion (Mg²⁺).
• What is the electronic structure of a magnesium ion (Mg²⁺)?

  It has the same electronic structure as neon.
• What occurs when a chlorine atom (Cl) forms a chloride ion (Cl⁻)?

  A chlorine atom gains 1 electron to form a chloride ion (Cl⁻).
• What is the electronic structure of a chloride ion (Cl⁻)?

  It has the same electronic structure as argon.
• How does an oxygen atom (O) form an oxide ion (O²⁻)?

  An oxygen atom gains 2 electrons to form an oxide ion (O²⁻).
• What is the electronic structure of an oxide ion (O²⁻)?

  It has the same electronic structure as neon.
• Why do simple ions often have noble gas electronic structures?

  • Ions achieve stability by having a full outer electron shell.
  • Noble gases have complete outer shells, making them stable.
  • Ions mimic this stability by gaining or losing electrons.
• What are the predicted charges of the ions formed by the following elements: Bromine (Br), Calcium (Ca), and Potassium (K)?

  • Bromine (Br) forms Br⁻ (charge -1)
  • Calcium (Ca) forms Ca²⁺ (charge +2)
  • Potassium (K) forms K⁺ (charge +1)
• What is the charge of the ion formed by Bromine (Br)?

  • 1
• What is the charge of the ion formed by Calcium (Ca)?

  +2
• What is the charge of the ion formed by Potassium (K)?

  +1