Group 1

• What is the significance of the outer electron in group one metals?

  It determines their reactivity with other elements
• What are the main reactions of group one metals covered in the video?

  • React with oxygen
  • React with chlorine
  • React with water (to be covered in the next video)
• What is the name of group one metals?

  Alkali metals
• How many electrons do all group one metals have in their outer energy level?

  One electron
• What happens when lithium reacts with oxygen?

  Lithium forms lithium oxide
• How does the reactivity of sodium compare to lithium when reacting with oxygen?

  Sodium reacts more rapidly than lithium
• What compound is formed when potassium reacts with oxygen?

  Potassium oxide
• What trend is observed in the reactivity of group one metals as you move down the group?

  The reactivity increases as you move down the group
• What happens to the outer electron of lithium when it reacts with oxygen?

  It moves to the oxygen atom
• What charge does a lithium ion have after reacting with oxygen?

  Positive one charge
• What charge does an oxide ion have after lithium reacts with oxygen?

  Negative two charge
• How do you write the balanced equation for the reaction between lithium and oxygen?

  4Li + O$_2$ → 2Li$_2$O
• What is the reaction between lithium and chlorine?

  Lithium forms lithium chloride
• What ions are produced when lithium reacts with chlorine?

  A lithium ion and a chloride ion
• What is the result of the reaction between lithium and chlorine in terms of electron configuration?

  Both ions have a full outer energy level
• How can you write the equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine?

  2Na + Cl$_2$ → 2NaCl
• How can you write the equation for the reaction between potassium and chlorine?

  2K + Cl$_2$ → 2KCl
• What are the similarities in the reactions of group one metals with oxygen and chlorine?

  • All group one metals react rapidly with both oxygen and chlorine
  • They form ionic compounds with a full outer energy level
  • The outer electron is transferred to the other element
• What is the overall trend in reactivity for group one metals as you move down the group?

  • Reactivity increases down the group
  • Lithium is the least reactive
  • Potassium is the most reactive
• What are the group one metals also known as?

  Alkali metals
• How many electrons do all group one metals have in their outer energy level?

  One electron
• What happens to the reactivity of group one metals as we move down the group?

  The reactivity increases
• What is observed when lithium reacts with water?

  Effervescence and a purple alkaline solution
• What does the universal indicator turning purple indicate during the reaction of lithium with water?

  An alkaline solution is formed
• What gas is produced when lithium reacts with water?

  Hydrogen
• How does sodium's reactivity with water compare to lithium's?

  Sodium reacts more rapidly than lithium
• What is the nature of the reaction when potassium reacts with water?

  The reaction is extremely rapid
• What is produced when potassium reacts with water?

  A gas and an alkaline solution
• What is the chemical equation for the reaction between lithium and water?

  Li + H2O → LiOH + H2
• Why do group one metals become more reactive as we move down the group?

  They lose their outer electron more easily
• What happens to the atomic radius of group one metals as we move down the group?

  The atomic radius increases
• What effect does increased atomic radius have on the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron?

  The attraction decreases
• What is meant by 'shielding' in the context of group one metals?

  It refers to the repulsion of the outer electron by electrons in internal energy levels
• How does shielding change as we move down group one?

  Shielding increases
• What is the overall effect of increased shielding on the reactivity of group one metals?

  It makes the outer electron easier to lose
• What are the key points about the reactivity of group one metals with water?

  • Group one metals react rapidly with water.
  • Reactivity increases down the group.
  • Lithium produces hydrogen and lithium hydroxide.
  • Sodium reacts more rapidly than lithium.
  • Potassium reacts extremely rapidly with water.
• What are the two main reasons for increased reactivity of group one metals down the group?

  1. Increased atomic radius leads to decreased attraction between the nucleus and outer electron.
  2. Increased shielding from internal electrons decreases attraction to the nucleus.