Metals

• Where are metals located on the periodic table?

  On the left and the center of the periodic table
• What are the two broad categories of metals mentioned?

  Highly reactive metals and transition metals
• Which groups contain the highly reactive metals?

  Groups one and two
• How do transition metals compare in reactivity to metals in groups one and two?

  Transition metals are generally less reactive
• What is a key characteristic of noble gases?

  They have a full outer energy level
• Why are noble gases considered unreactive?

  Because they have a full outer energy level, which is stable
• What happens when metals react in terms of electron loss?

  They lose electrons to achieve a full outer energy level
• What electronic structure do metals achieve when they lose electrons?

  The stable electronic structure of a group zero noble gas
• How many protons and electrons do lithium atoms have?

  Lithium atoms have three protons and three electrons
• What happens to lithium and sodium when they react?

  They lose their one outer electron
• What is the electronic structure of lithium after it loses its outer electron?

  It has the same electronic structure as the noble gas helium
• What is the electronic structure of sodium after it loses its outer electron?

  It has the same electronic structure as the noble gas neon
• How many outer electrons does aluminium have?

  Aluminium has three outer electrons
• What happens when aluminium reacts?

  It loses its three outer electrons
• What is the overall charge of a lithium atom before it loses an electron?

  The overall charge is zero
• What is the overall charge of a lithium ion after it loses an electron?

  The overall charge is one positive
• What do metals always form when they react?

  Positive ions
• How is a lithium ion represented?

  By drawing square brackets around the ion and writing the overall charge in the top right corner
• What is the overall charge of a sodium ion?

  One positive
• What is the overall charge of a barium ion after it loses its two outer electrons?

  Two positive
• What are the key facts about metals and their reactions?

  • Metals are found on the left and center of the periodic table.
  • They lose electrons to achieve a full outer energy level.
  • They form positive ions when they react.
• How many outer electrons does a barium atom have?

  Two outer electrons
• What are the steps to determine the charge of a metal ion?

  1. Identify the number of outer electrons.
  2. Determine how many electrons are lost to achieve a full outer energy level.
  3. The charge is equal to the number of electrons lost (positive).