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Introduction to Computing M3
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Yujiro Hanma
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Cards (54)
What are the six elements of a Computer Based Information System (CBIS)?
Hardware
,
Software
,
Data
,
Procedures
,
People
,
Communication
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What are the common types of information systems?
Transaction processing systems
Management information systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems
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How is Information Systems (IS) defined?
IS is the study of networks of
hardware
and
software
that people and organizations use to
manage
data.
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What components make up an Information System?
Combinations of
hardware
, software, and
telecommunications networks
.
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What does a primary key do in a database?
A primary key acts as a unique
identifier
for every row in a table.
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What is the role of hardware in a CBIS?
Hardware includes
computers
and
peripherals
like
servers
,
routers
, and
storage devices
.
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What is the function of software in a CBIS?
Software tells the
hardware
how to function and processes data.
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Why is data important in a CBIS?
Data is essential as it is the information that
software
processes and utilizes.
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What are procedures in the context of a CBIS?
Procedures are rules and instructions for how
tasks
are performed.
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What is a table in a database?
A table is a list of related information organized in
columns
and
rows
.
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What is a record in a database table?
A record is each row in a table that contains
related
information.
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What is a field in a database table?
A field is each column in a table that represents a
category
of data.
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What is a data value in a database?
A data value is a single item of data, such as a
phone number
.
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What is a macro in a database?
A macro
automates
a set of actions to perform tasks efficiently.
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What is the purpose of a report in a database?
A report summarizes information from a table or
query
for analysis.
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What tools are included in a report for working with data?
Tools include
sorting
,
filtering
,
extracting
, and
summarizing
data.
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What is the role of communication in a CBIS?
Communication allows
computers
to interact and share information.
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What is a form in a database?
A form is used to enter, edit, or display data from a
table
or
query
.
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What is a query in a database?
A query extracts or shows information in
Datasheet view
.
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How can a query obtain its data?
A query can get data from one or more
tables
or
existing
queries.
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Why are people important in a CBIS?
People design, operate, and maintain the
system
, determining its success.
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What is a foreign key in a database?
A foreign key is a
primary key
from another table used to establish relationships.
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What are the three types of relationships in databases?
One-to-One
,
One-to-Many
, and
Many-to-Many
relationships.
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What are the drawbacks of using file systems to store data?
Data redundancy
, difficulty accessing data, and
security problems
.
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How do database systems solve problems associated with file systems?
Database systems eliminate
data isolation
,
integrity problems
, and
atomicity
of updates.
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What is data isolation in the context of databases?
Data isolation refers to the separation of data across
multiple
files and formats.
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What does atomicity of updates mean in databases?
Atomicity ensures that a
transaction
is completed fully or not at all.
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What is an integrity constraint in a database?
An
integrity constraint
is a rule that ensures data
accuracy
and
consistency.
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What is the significance of a one-to-many relationship in databases?
A one-to-many relationship
allows
one
record
to be
linked
to
multiple records
in another
table.
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What is the significance of a many-to-many relationship in databases?
A many-to-many relationship allows multiple
records
in one
table
to relate to multiple records in another table.
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What is the significance of a one-to-one relationship in databases?
A one-to-one relationship allows one
record
in a table to relate to only one record in another table.
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How can a primary key be used in a relational database?
A primary key is used to establish
relationships
between
separate
tables.
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What is the role of a foreign key in establishing relationships?
A foreign key references a
primary key
in another table to create a relationship.
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What is the purpose of a customer ID in a database?
A customer ID serves as a
unique identifier
for each customer in the database.
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What is the significance of the balance field in an accounts table?
The balance field stores the current amount of money in an account.
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What is the importance of data integrity in a database?
Data integrity ensures that the data is
accurate
, consistent, and reliable.
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How does concurrent access affect database performance?
Concurrent access allows
multiple users to access data simultaneously
,
improving
performance.
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What are the potential issues with uncontrolled concurrent access?
Uncontrolled concurrent access can lead to
data inconsistencies
and errors.
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What is the significance of security in database management?
Security protects data from unauthorized access and ensures data
integrity
.
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What is the role of a database management system (DBMS)?
A DBMS manages
data storage
,
retrieval
, and
security
in databases.
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