Further programming language operations

• What is a string in programming?

  A sequence of characters stored as a variable
• What characters can a string include?

  Numbers, letters, and symbols
• How is a string represented in code?

  Enclosed in quotes, e.g., 'Hello'
• What is a variable in programming?

  A memory location where values are stored
• What data type can a variable have?

  A string as its data type
• How do you determine the length of a string?

  Using the LEN function in pseudo-code
• What does LEN(wordOne) return if wordOne is "Computer"?

  "eight"
• How do you find a character's position in a string?

  Using wordOne[index] notation
• What character does wordOne[2] return for "Computer"?


  "m"
• What is a substring?

  A string of characters within another string
• How can you extract a substring in pseudo-code?

  • Use a loop to concatenate characters
  • Use the SUBSTRING function
  • Example: SUBSTRING(0, 2, wordOne) gives "Com"
• What is concatenation in programming?

  Joining together two or more strings
• How do you concatenate strings in pseudo-code?

  Using the + operator between strings
• What is the output of the concatenation of "Bob" and "Smith"?

  "Bob Smith"
• What is casting in programming?

  Changing the data type of a variable
• How do you convert a string to an integer in Python?

  Using int("54") returns 54
• What does STRING_TO_INT do in pseudo-code?

  Converts a string to an integer
• What is the purpose of CHAR_TO_CODE?

  Converts alphanumeric characters to numerical format
• What character set does CHAR_TO_CODE use?

  ASCII or UNICODE
• How does CODE_TO_CHAR function work?

  Converts ASCII/UNICODE to alphanumeric characters
• How do you check if a character is between 'a' and 'z'?

  Using CHAR_TO_CODE for range checking
• What does RANDOM_INT(97,122) generate?

  A random number between 97 and 122
• What is the output of "does it contain" + CODE_TO_CHAR(character)?

  A question about a randomly generated letter
• What is a subroutine in programming?

  A portion of code that can be called anywhere
• What is the purpose of a subroutine?

  To perform a specific task in a program
• Why are subroutines easier to write and debug?

  They are usually small in size
• How do subroutines contribute to program efficiency?

  They allow code reuse, making programs shorter
• What can subroutines be saved as for future use?

  Modules
• What is a parameter in computer programming?

  A value passed into a function or procedure
• How does passing data to a subroutine affect the main program?

  It allows the subroutine to be customized
• What types of data can be passed as parameters?

  Integers, characters, and Boolean
• Why is it beneficial to write code only once for subroutines?

  It results in shorter programs
• What are the advantages of using subroutines in programming?

  • Code reuse saves time and effort
  • Easier to write, test, and debug
  • Makes programs shorter and more efficient
  • Enhances readability and understanding
• What is the relationship between subroutines and the main program?

  • Subroutines are smaller sections of code
  • They can be called multiple times in the main program
  • They can be saved separately as modules
  • They help in organizing code effectively
• What are the two types of subroutines?

  Procedures and functions
• What is a procedure in programming?

  A subroutine that performs a specific task
• What happens when a procedure completes its task?

  The main program continues from where it left off
• What is an array in programming?

  A set of data values of the same type
• What does the pseudo-code 'FOR count <- 1 TO lines' indicate?

  A loop that iterates from 1 to lines
• What is a local variable?

  A variable used in one specific section of code