Behavourism

• What are three key assumptions of the behaviourist approach


  Behaviour is learnt from experience

  They usually use laboratory experiments

  Animals are often studied as they share the same principles of learning as humans
• Define classical conditioning


  Learning by association between a neutral stimulus and a reflex response.
• What is a conditioned response?


  A response produced through specific learning
• What is an unconditioned response?


  An unlearned response to a stimulus
• What’s a neutral stimulus?


  something that would not produce a response in normal situations
• What’s a conditioned stimulus?


  What the neutral stimulus becomes after association
• What’s an unconditioned stimulus


  Something that naturally triggers an automatic response
• Using technical terms, describe the experiment carried out by Pavlov using dogs


  The unconditioned stimulus is the food, the unconditioned response is salivating. The neutral stimulus is the bell which leads to the conditioned stimulus being the bell and the conditioned response is salivating.
• Who was the little Albert experiment carried out by?


  John B Watson and Rayner
• Describe the key parts of the little Albert experiment


  they used thing Albert wasn’t afraid and when he reached for them a loud noise was made, making him afraid of the things, as he associated them with the loud noise.
• Apply the terms of classical conditioning to the little Albert experiment


  the unconditioned stimulus is the loud noise, the unconditioned response was crying/ fear, the neutral stimulus was the white rat. The conditioned stimulus becomes the white rat and the conditioned response is then crying/ fear
• Define operant conditioning

  A form of learning in which behaviour of shaped by its consequence
• Describe the 3 types of consequences

  Positive reinforcement- receiving a reward for performing a certain behaviour

  Negative reinforcement- avoiding something unpleasant/ having something unpleasant taken away

  Punishment- an unpleasant consequence to performing a behaviour