Ionic binding

• What is the general location of metals and non-metals on the Periodic Table?


  Metals are on the left and non-metals are on the right-hand side.
• How do ionic bonds form between metallic and non-metallic elements?

  Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from a metallic element to a non-metallic element.

  
• What happens to the electronic configuration of atoms when they form ions?

  Atoms become ions with electronic configurations similar to noble gases.
• What type of ion do metals form when they lose electrons?

  Metals form positively charged cations.

  
• How does a sodium atom become a sodium ion?

  A sodium atom loses one electron to form a sodium ion.

  
• What type of ion do non-metal atoms form when they gain electrons?

  Non-metal atoms form negatively charged anions.

  
• How does a chlorine atom become a chloride ion?

  A chlorine atom gains one electron to form a chloride ion.

  
• What is the electronic configuration of a sodium ion?

  A sodium ion has the same electronic configuration as neon: [2,8].
• What is the electronic configuration of a chloride ion?

  A chloride ion has the same electronic configuration as argon: [2,8,8].
• What is a binary ionic compound?

  • Composed of ions of two different elements
  • Consists of a metal cation and a non-metal anion
  • Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl)

  
• What is the definition of ionic bonding?

  Ionic bonding is the force of attraction between oppositely charged species/ions.
• What type of forces hold together an ionic lattice?

  Strong electrostatic forces of attraction hold together an ionic lattice.

  
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

  High melting points are due to strong electrostatic forces between the ions in the lattice.
• How are binary ionic compounds named?

  • The cation is named first, followed by the anion.
  • The anion adopts the suffix "ide."
  • Example: Sodium iodide from sodium and iodine.
• What is the charge of an ionic compound?

  The overall charge of an ionic compound is 0, as it is electrically neutral.
• What charge do metals typically form?

  Metals typically form positive ions.
• What is Stock notation used for?

  Stock notation is used to indicate the charge of metal ions in compounds formed from transition elements.
• What are the seven polyatomic ions you need to know for IB Chemistry?

  1. Ammonium
  2. Hydroxide
  3. Nitrate
  4. Hydrogencarbonate
  5. Carbonate
  6. Sulfate
  7. Phosphate
• How do you determine the formula of aluminium oxide?

  The formula is Al2O3 because aluminium has a charge of 3+ and oxygen has a charge of 2−.
• How do you determine the formula of ammonium sulfate?

  The formula is NH42SO4because ammonium has a charge of 1+ and sulfate has a charge of 2−.
• What is an ionic lattice?

  An ionic lattice is a crystalline structure where ions are arranged in a regular repeating pattern.

  
• Why is the lattice dissociation enthalpy always positive?

  It is always positive because the process is endothermic, requiring energy to break bonds between ions.
• What is the melting point of NaCl?

  The melting point of NaCl is high due to strong electrostatic forces between the ions.
• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Brittle and can split apart
  • Not volatile
  • Soluble in water
  • Conduct electricity when molten or in solution
• How does the charge density of ions affect the melting point of ionic compounds?

  Melting points increase with the charge density of the ions due to greater electrostatic attraction.
• How do ionic compounds compare to other types of structures in terms of properties?

  • Giant ionic: High melting point, conducts when molten, soluble
  • Giant metallic: Moderately high to high melting point, conducts in solid and liquid
  • Simple covalent: Low melting point, does not conduct
  • Giant covalent: Very high melting point, does not conduct (except graphite)
• What can be inferred about a substance with a high melting point and good electrical conductivity when molten?

  It likely has a giant ionic structure.
• What does a low melting point and poor electrical conductivity suggest about a substance?

  It suggests that the substance has a simple molecular structure.
• What does a very high melting point and insolubility in water suggest about a substance?

  It suggests that the substance is a metal.
• What is the significance of placing polyatomic ions in brackets in a chemical formula?

  Brackets are used when more than one polyatomic ion is needed in a formula.
• What is the role of electrostatic attraction in ionic compounds?

  Electrostatic attraction holds the oppositely charged ions together in ionic compounds.

  
• What is the physical state of ionic compounds at room temperature?

  Ionic compounds are typically solid at room temperature.
• What is the significance of the melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?

  High melting and boiling points indicate strong ionic bonds due to electrostatic forces.
• How do ionic compounds behave in terms of solubility and conductivity?

  Ionic compounds are soluble in water and conduct electricity when molten or in solution.
• What is the relationship between ionic compounds and their ability to conduct electricity?

  Ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or in solution due to free-moving ions.
• What happens to the ions in ionic compounds when they are solid?

  In solid form, the ions are in a fixed position and cannot move around.
• What is the effect of ionic bonding on the hardness of ionic compounds?

  Ionic bonding contributes to the hardness and brittleness of ionic compounds.
• How does the structure of ionic compounds affect their physical properties?

  The regular lattice structure of ionic compounds leads to high melting points and brittleness.
• How are ions formed?


  Ions form when metals lose electrons to become cations and non-metals gain electrons to become anions, resulting in both having full outer electron shells, similar to noble gases.
• What is a binary ionic compound?


  It is composed of two elements: a metal cation and a non-metal anion, bonded by strong electrostatic forces.