Alkanes

• What are the hydrocarbons separated from the fractional distillation of crude oil mainly composed of?

  Alkanes
• Why are alkanes classified as saturated hydrocarbons?

  Because they contain only carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen single bonds
• How would you describe the structural formula of methane?

  It is represented as $CH_4$
• What is the major component of natural gas?

  Methane
• What is the molecular formula for ethane?

  $C_2H_6$
• What is the structural formula for propane?

  $CH_3CH_2CH_3$
• What are the first five members of the alkane series?

  Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane
• What is the molecular formula for butane?

  $C_4H_{10}$
• What is the displayed formula for pentane?

  $CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3$
• What are the key characteristics of alkanes?

  • They are saturated hydrocarbons.
  • They contain only C-C and C-H single bonds.
  • They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms for a given number of carbon atoms.
• What type of reactions do alkanes undergo with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet radiation?

  Mono-substitution reactions
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  $C_nH_{2n+2}$
• What is the significance of the term "saturated" in relation to alkanes?

  It indicates that alkanes have no double or triple bonds
• How does the structure of alkanes relate to their classification as saturated hydrocarbons?

  Their structure consists only of single bonds, allowing for maximum hydrogen saturation
• What is the displayed formula for ethane?

  $CH_3CH_3$
• What is the molecular formula for propane?

  $C_3H_8$
• What is the role of alkanes in fuel usage?

  Many alkanes are used as fuels, such as methane in natural gas
• What is the structural formula for butane?

  $CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_3$
• How are alkanes related to liquefied petroleum gases (LPG)?

  Alkanes like ethane and propane are important constituents of LPG
• What is the displayed formula for butane?

  $CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_3$
• What is the molecular formula for pentane?

  $C_5H_{12}$
• What is the significance of the first five members of the alkane series?

  They represent the simplest alkanes with increasing carbon chain length
• How do the properties of alkanes change with increasing carbon chain length?

  They generally have higher boiling points and different physical states