Chemical Tests

• What is the main focus of Chapter 14 in Inorganic Chemistry?

  Identifying substances using chemical tests
• How are substances typically analyzed in modern laboratories?

  Using sophisticated machines
• What gases should be tested for in this chapter?

  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Ammonia
  • Chlorine
• What is the purpose of a flame test?

  To identify the colors formed by different cations
• What are the flame test colors for the following cations: Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Cu²⁺?

  • Li⁺: Red
  • Na⁺: Yellow
  • K⁺: Lilac
  • Ca²⁺: Orange-red
  • Cu²⁺: Blue-green
• How can NH₄⁺ be tested using sodium hydroxide solution?

  By identifying the gas evolved
• What cations can be tested using sodium hydroxide solution?

  • NH₄⁺
  • Cu²⁺
  • Fe²⁺
  • Fe³⁺
• What anions should be tested for in this chapter?

  • Cl⁻
  • Br⁻
  • I⁻
  • SO₄²⁻
  • CO₃²⁻
• How can Cl⁻, Br⁻, and I⁻ be tested?

  Using acidified silver nitrate solution
• What is the test for SO₄²⁻?

  Using acidified barium chloride solution
• How can CO₃²⁻ be tested?

  Using hydrochloric acid and identifying the gas evolved
• What is the test for the presence of water?

  Using anhydrous copper(II) sulfate
• What physical test can be used to determine if a sample of water is pure?

  Testing for impurities through boiling point or freezing point