Acids,Bases,Salt Preperations

• What is the focus of Chapter 13 in Inorganic Chemistry?

  Reactions of acids and how to make salts
• What is common salt?

  Sodium chloride
• What are the general rules for predicting the solubility of ionic compounds in water?

  • Common sodium, potassium, and ammonium compounds are soluble
  • All nitrates are soluble
  • Common chlorides are soluble, except those of silver and lead(II)
  • Common hydroxides are insoluble except for sodium, potassium, and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)
• How are acids and bases understood in terms of proton transfer?

  An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor
• What are the reactions of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid with metals, bases, and metal carbonates?

  • They react to form salts
  • Excludes reactions between nitric acid and metals
• What can act as bases in reactions?

  Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and ammonia
• What are alkalis?

  Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water
• Describe an experiment to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble reactant.

  • Start with an insoluble reactant
  • Use an acid to react with the insoluble reactant
  • Filter the mixture to remove excess reactant
  • Evaporate the solution to obtain the salt
• What is the practical task involving copper(II) sulfate in this chapter?

  Prepare a sample of pure, dry hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals from copper(II) oxide
• What is formed when hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal?

  A salt is formed
• Give examples of salts mentioned in the study material.

  Magnesium sulfate, zinc chloride, potassium nitrate