Acids & Alkalis

• What is the main focus of Chapter 12 in Inorganic Chemistry?

  The chapter explores indicators, acids, and alkalis.
• What do the reactions of acids relate to in the context of this chapter?

  The reactions of acids are discussed in Chapter 13.
• What is an example of a natural source of acid mentioned in the chapter?

  Oranges contain citric acid.
• What are the learning objectives of this chapter regarding indicators?

  • Describe the use of litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange to distinguish between acidic and alkaline solutions.
  • Understand the pH scale classification of solutions.
  • Describe the use of universal indicator to measure pH.
  • Know that acids provide hydrogen ions and alkalis provide hydroxide ions.
  • Know that alkalis can neutralize acids.
• What is the pH scale range?

  The pH scale ranges from about 0 to about 14.
• How can the pH scale classify solutions?

  It classifies solutions as strongly acidic (0–3), weakly acidic (4–6), neutral (7), weakly alkaline (8–10), and strongly alkaline (11–14).
• What is an example of a strongly acidic solution?

  Hydrochloric acid is an example of a strongly acidic solution.
• What is an example of a strongly alkaline solution?

  Sodium hydroxide solution is an example of a strongly alkaline solution.
• What does the pH scale indicate about a solution?

  The pH scale indicates how acidic or alkaline a solution is.
• What is the pH of a neutral solution?

  The pH of a neutral solution is 7.
• What ions do acids and alkalis provide in aqueous solutions?

  Acids provide hydrogen ions, while alkalis provide hydroxide ions.
• What is the role of alkalis in relation to acids?

  Alkalis can neutralize acids.
• What are the classifications of solutions on the pH scale?

  • Strongly acidic: pH 0–3
  • Weakly acidic: pH 4–6
  • Neutral: pH 7
  • Weakly alkaline: pH 8–10
  • Strongly alkaline: pH 11–14
• What are some examples of solutions at different points on the pH scale?

  • Strongly acidic: Hydrochloric acid
  • Weakly acidic: Vinegar (ethanoic acid)
  • Neutral: Water
  • Weakly alkaline: Ammonia solution
  • Strongly alkaline: Sodium hydroxide solution